Fergana state university philology and teaching languages

CHAPTER I. QUESTIONING STRATEGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH
1.1 Definition and types of questioning strategies
Questioning strategies are techniques that teachers use to elicit information from students, check their understanding, stimulate their thinking, and promote their participation in the learning process. Questioning strategies can vary in terms of the level of difficulty, the type of response required, the amount of feedback provided, and the degree of interaction involved.
Some common types of questioning strategies are:
- Recall questions: These questions ask students to remember factual information that they have learned or read. For example: "What is the capital of France?" Recall questions are useful for reviewing basic knowledge and checking comprehension.
- Comprehension questions: These questions ask students to explain, interpret, or summarize information that they have learned or read. For example: "Why did the main character do that?" Comprehension questions are useful for developing higher-order thinking skills and deepening understanding
- Application questions: These questions ask students to apply what they have learned or read to new situations or problems. For example: "How would you use this formula to solve this equation?" Application questions are useful for transferring knowledge and skills to different contexts and domains.
- Analysis questions: These questions ask students to break down information into parts, identify relationships, or compare and contrast different aspects. For example: "How are these two characters similar and different?" Analysis questions are useful for enhancing critical thinking and analytical skills.
- Synthesis questions: These questions ask students to combine information from different sources, create something new, or propose a solution. For example: "What would happen if you changed this part of the story?" Synthesis questions are useful for fostering creativity and innovation.
- Evaluation questions: These questions ask students to judge the quality, value, or importance of something based on criteria or standards. For example: "Do you agree or disagree with the author's opinion? Why?" Evaluation questions are useful for developing reasoning and argumentation skills.
There are different types of questioning strategies that teachers can use in teaching English, depending on the purpose, the content, the level of difficulty, and the expected response. Some of the common types of questioning strategies are:
- Display questions: These are questions that have a single correct answer that the teacher already knows. Display questions are often used to review factual information, test comprehension, or check recall. For example: "What is the capital of France?" "Who wrote Hamlet?" "What does 'amiable' mean?"¹
- Referential questions: These are questions that have more than one possible answer or that require the students to use their own knowledge, experience, or opinion. Referential questions are often used to encourage students to express themselves, share their perspectives, or apply their learning to new situations. For example: "What do you think about this story?" "How would you solve this problem?" "What are some advantages and disadvantages of online learning?"
- Probing questions: These are questions that follow up on a student's answer or response, asking for more information, clarification, justification, or evidence. Probing questions are often used to challenge students to think more deeply, critically, or creatively about a topic, or to check their reasoning or understanding. For example: "Why do you think that?" "How do you know?" "Can you give me an example?"
- Higher-order questions: These are questions that require students to use higher-level cognitive skills, such as analysis, synthesis, evaluation, or application. Higher-order questions are often used to promote students' higher-order thinking skills, such as comparing and contrasting, finding relationships and patterns, making inferences and predictions, drawing conclusions and generalizations, or creating new ideas or products. For example: "How are these two characters similar and different?" "What is the main theme of this poem?" "How would you design a new game based on this story?"
- Open-ended questions: These are questions that have no predetermined answer or response format. Open-ended questions are often used to stimulate students' curiosity, imagination, or creativity, or to invite them to explore a topic in their own way. For example: "What would you like to know more about this topic?" "What if...?" "How do you feel about...?"