Final-biogas report2 2008
UPEI Department of Engineering
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Biogas-Report-Final
UPEI Department of Engineering
550 University Avenue Charlottetown PEI C1A 4P3 Page 6 of 55 Biogas Production When a quantity of organic material is left in an oxygen-free (anaerobic) environment, certain bacterial colonies develop and begin digesting the organic material. Some bacteria in the populations break down solid organic material into water-soluble constituents, while some bacteria convert the soluble organic components into volatile fatty acids, and other bacteria consume the fatty acids, creating methane gas as waste. This methane combined with carbon dioxide and traces of other gases excreted by the bacteria makes up biogas. Since biogas production is a biological process that relies upon multiple strains of different bacteria which perform separate intermediate steps, the process is difficult to model, or to control with precision. In practice, a warm, oxygen free environment is provided by a sealed vessel (a digester). It usually takes around 15-30 days for the organic material inside a simple tank to be fully digested by bacteria. The populations of bacteria which grow in the organic material are influenced by temperature as well as feedstock. From an operational standpoint, digesters that are maintained at ambient temperature are slowest, those at a temperature of 35°C are significantly faster, and ones at a temperature of 50°C are faster still, but energy-intensive to maintain. Usually about half of the available organic material is converted to gas in the digestion process. The majority of the feedstock mass remains in the digestate. Of particular importance, the organic nitrogen that was digested is converted into inorganic forms, mostly ammonia.[9] Inorganic nitrogen is more accessible to plants, thus the digested material is a more potent fertilizer. The odor of the digestate, which is largely due to release of volatile organic compounds, as well as organic pathogen levels, are greatly reduced during the digestion process. Appendix A provides a detailed discussion of different biogas digester designs and processes. |
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