Final-biogas report2 2008
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Biogas-Report-Final
need to be established.
21. Suitable engine/generator models and manufacturers need to be found for single-phase installations, spark-ignited, 20kWe typical size. 22. Gas cleaning requirements specific to the target engine must be verified. 23. Alternatives for H 2 S removal from the gas will need to be evaluated. 24. Engine reliability and cost needs to be evaluated. 25. Generator control, emergency shutoff, and protection needs to be determined. 26. Detailed control system designs for temperature control need to be developed, and the heating systems tested. II. UPEI Department of Engineering 550 University Avenue Charlottetown PEI C1A 4P3 Page 4 of 55 I. Introduction According to the 2006 farm census by Statistics Canada, there were 360 dairy farms in PEI, down from 435 in the 2001 census. In addition, there were 475 beef cattle farms, including feedlots, down from 575 in 2001. These farms have an inventory of 76,000 head of cattle as of January 2009 (down from 80,000 in January of 2008). 12,800 of these were listed as milk cows in January 2009, down from 13,500 the previous year. Clearly the business of farming has been tough in the livestock industry. According to the census data, the average PEI dairy farm milks only 35 cows. Beef farms (including feedlots) have an average of 130 head of cattle. The PEI department of agriculture claims that PEI farms raise between 20-250 cows[1]. The reality is that there are only a handful of large farms on PEI, with the majority of farms having a very small number of cattle. These small farms are financially difficult to operate, with low revenues and high operating costs. The objective of this report is to provide some alternatives for farmers to consider that would improve their environmental performance while reducing their energy and operating costs. Specifically, we have focused on the potential for using on-farm waste from livestock as a source of fuel. A remarkable amount of energy is contained in organic waste. Under the right conditions, this energy can be extracted in the form of a combustible hydrocarbon gas, called biogas. The biological process by which organic material can be converted to hydrocarbon gas is anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion is a natural process that has been used in myriad applications in the past, including for the production of biogas energy from manure. It was thought to be economically impractical for farms with fewer than 200 head of cattle [2]. Using this yardstick, biogas is feasible for almost no PEI farms. This project is intended to evaluate the prospect for anaerobic digestion on PEI livestock farms, and propose a viable method for specific farm case studies. Anaerobic digestion and biogas have been used for a long time. There is evidence that biogas from anaerobic digestion was used to heat water in Assyria in the 10th century BC and in Persia in the 16th century BC [3]. The basic notion arose in the Western scientific community from observations of flickering lights in swamps. In the 17th century the connection was made Download 0.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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