Find the solution to the problems between youth

Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry

Find the solution to the problems between youth

English

Turtayeva Anna

: 11R-22S

Everybody needs to solve problems every day. But we’re not born with the skills we need to do this – we have to develop them

Plan:

1. 
   Study
   
2. 
   Problems in finding a job
   
3. 
   Another important aspects
   
4. 
   Problem-solving: 6 steps
   

Find the solution to the problems between youth

In Uzbekistan, the coverage of young people with higher education is 25%. Admission parameters are 2.5 times higher than in 2016. However, it remains one of the lowest rates in the region.
UNICEF, the Youth Union, and the Yuksalish national movement recently published the results of a major study entitled “Youth of Uzbekistan: Problems and Prospects” (“Молодеж Узбекистана: визови и перспективи”). It was attended by about 4,500 respondents aged 14 to 30 living in all regions of the country. In addition, 24 focus groups have been formed for direct communication.

The study was conducted over three years based on modern methodologies. The involvement of leading local and foreign experts in the project is also noteworthy.

According to the report, based on the results of a sociological survey, in 15-20 years Uzbekistan will receive a unique demographic dividend. By 2048, the number of able-bodied people in the country is expected to reach a historic peak. Naturally, a significant part of them are young people. The main task for the state now is not to lose the demographic dividend and to make the most of it. In other words, the government needs to invest heavily in human capital, that is, in providing quality education and realizing the intellectual potential of young people. In the future, this will not only boost the economy, but also stabilize the social situation - reduce poverty and migration of potential workers, eliminate unemployment, improve living standards.

Developing human capital is not a one-day affair. This mission requires a comprehensive approach and long-term measures. There are no ready-made solutions. Each country must determine its own path and direction independently. For Uzbekistan, the best way is to implement state youth policy based on concrete figures and scientific findings. This is the opinion of the experts who participated in the study.

"In order to pursue an effective youth policy, the government needs to build a portfolio of regular orders for sociological research," said Rauf Salokhojayev, an economist and head of ERGO Analytics. "Only then will it be possible to see the real picture, identify the pain points and observe the dynamics of the problem." At present, decisions in the field of state youth policy in Uzbekistan are made not on the basis of real needs of young people, but on the basis of political views and general assumptions. This is incorrect. Without a pragmatic approach, any strategy will one day fail. For example, in recent years, young people are actively involved in entrepreneurship. They are provided with bank loans on favorable terms. The idea is good, but entrepreneurship is a field that requires some knowledge and training. There is no point in investing in someone who does not know how to plan a business or keep an account, and who is not familiar with the mechanisms of the market. Because he still can't get the job done properly. According to the study, today's rural youth are taking risks because they cannot find a decent job. But the question is, are they ready for this responsibility? I think it is necessary to establish professional consulting services for young entrepreneurs in all regions of the country. Let the young people be trained and mentored not by theoretical business coaches, but by experienced entrepreneurs, bankers, accountants, marketers. Mentoring support is well established within startup programs. It is also useful to apply it in traditional forms of business.

The sociological survey of Uzbek youth covers seven main topics. The survey examined respondents' access to education and employment, economic independence, integration into society, housing and migration, public opinion, digital technology and Internet use, daily worries and leisure. Let's talk about the results one by one.

Education
Most young people are positive about the existing infrastructure (educational environment, logistics, textbooks, etc.). 94.7% of them consider the work of teachers and 91.1% of them to be satisfactory. But the situation with the use of digital technologies is not ideal. In particular, 30.4% of rural youth said that there was no internet in their school. In the city, the figure is around 22 percent.
Although respondents have a general sense of satisfaction with education, they believe that the quality of education needs to be improved. Pupils and students want to learn more foreign languages, acquire soft skills such as business acumen, leadership, initiative, creative approach to work, stress tolerance, time management.
"Uzbekistan is still the largest supplier of manual labor," said expert Rauf Salokhojayev. - It depends on the structure of the economy. There are few value-added networks in the country. Let's say that innovations, the rapid development of the IT industry began only in recent years. The situation in the labor market will not change until the demand for intellectual labor increases.

The country's economy needs to change. It is difficult to effectively implement youth policy without it. Why not set an example for Southeast Asia? Because over time, their economies have changed structurally. That is, the transition from agriculture to industry, to the service sector. It solves many of the problems of old age.

The survey found that many rural youth choose entrepreneurship. But how many of them are creating new jobs? Let's say that there are a lot of individual entrepreneurs among small businesses. In addition, market traders call themselves entrepreneurs. It is important to clarify the important question: what kind of entrepreneurship do we want to develop? Does Uzbekistan need individual entrepreneurs or private enterprises and companies that can create added value? I think it's better to go the second way. At one time, this approach created an "economic miracle" in Southeast Asia. However, in Singapore or Malaysia, for example, the population is first taught the basics of entrepreneurship (financial, legal literacy, accounting, marketing, etc.) and then provided with loans and subsidies. In Uzbekistan, the situation is different - only young people are being invested. It's up to you how to manage it. The secrets of doing business and monetizing knowledge are not taught in any educational institution in our country. No university is training marketers or SMM specialists. Here's the problem.

Another important aspect. In 2016, with the change of leadership in Uzbekistan, the vector of the economy has also changed. That is, one long-standing economic model has been replaced by another. This was the case in the Republic of Korea, Japan and China in the 1970s and 1980s. At that time, the country's youth did not leave the country, feeling that there was an opportunity for them to realize their potential. The situation in Uzbekistan is similar. 77.3% of young men and women surveyed said they did not want to go abroad. This is a unique phenomenon. Despite facing various socio-economic challenges, most young people in Uzbekistan remain loyal to the country. They believe in a new economic model. Now it is necessary to create "social elevators" that will allow them to show themselves and take a worthy place in society. One such mechanism is entrepreneurship. If the procedure for starting a business in our country is simplified, electronic document exchange is introduced, and young people with knowledge and skills, specially trained and trained teachers are involved in the field, the results will not be bad.

63.4% of respondents think that work should be interesting in the first place. Interestingly, they meant what they found. Unfortunately, 17.8% of young people give up their dream of higher education due to parental opposition. Of these, 20.8 percent are girls. It is estimated that in Uzbekistan, a highly educated specialist earns an average of 55% higher than a school or college graduate (Ajwadetal., 2014).

For 19.8% of respondents (26.3% - men, 17.3% - women), salary plays a decisive role in choosing a profession. The women of the village agree to be content with 1 million soums (about $ 100) a month. 3-5 million soums is a good salary for young people.

Problems in finding a job
There are three main obstacles to youth employment: the lack of funds to pursue the profession they want; lack of money or acquaintances to enter a university; parental pressure. The latter is twice as common in women's lives.