Focus on introspection came to the fore later
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Who are you
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“ To a large extent,
you are what most others think of you” 40 | New Scientist | 10 December 2022 judgements and decision-making but lie out of reach of the conscious mind. “If the adaptive unconsciousness is plausible, and there is lots of evidence to suggest it is, then you’re not likely to know about your blind spots and implicit biases through introspection,” says Green. It’s not that introspection isn’t important. It’s more that “you need the relatively objective, third-party perspective too”, he says. “I would add that you have to beware, though, because hearing honest, in-the-round scrutiny of your personality can be a bit uncomfortable. There’s a reason that direct, honest feedback is rare.” In my case, the Big Five personality scores weren’t even remotely upsetting. But when it came to the choice words a few people proffered for my most overwhelming negatives, well, I can imagine that sort of feedback isn’t for everyone. Better life decisions Which brings us to the other big question: is the pursuit of self-knowledge even worth it? What do we actually gain by peering into our blind spots to get a more accurate, more complete understanding of who we are (see “How to see yourself more clearly”, page 39)? Having more accurate self-views is generally considered to be a good thing, says Human. “This is because knowing our personalities should help us make better life decisions” – what careers to pursue, who to form relationships with, and so on. “It also enables us to have smoother interactions with others and provides a subjective sense of coherence and meaning.” A study she published with colleagues in 2020, for instance, showed that people who agree more with others about their personalities report greater well-being. That makes sense. The problem is that most of the evidence that supports such conclusions is correlational. “It’s difficult to know whether self-knowledge promotes well-being or well- being promotes self-knowledge,” says Human. Vazire tends towards the sceptical. “The goal of my research was not just to look at how well people know themselves, but also why it matters: whether people with greater self- knowledge have better life outcomes,” she says. “But the truth is that we don’t even know if self-knowledge is good for you or not. The evidence is totally inconclusive. It’s an open question.” It is possible to imagine a study that compares people with good self-knowledge with a control group and tracks them over decades to see if they have better long-term outcomes in their health and relationships. But no such studies exist, and possibly for good reason. “The idea that we could intervene on self-knowledge to improve people’s lives depends on the idea that self-knowledge is measurable, that it’s good for you and that we can change it. The truth is we barely know the first thing,” says Vazire. Human says something similar: “It hasn’t been empirically demonstrated yet that people can make these changes and that these can, in turn, enhance well-being and positive social outcomes.” As Vazire points out, it is possible that when it comes to well-being, or happiness, biased beliefs offer better outcomes. Indeed, it has been proposed that there is an “optimal margin illusion” that hits the sweet spot between seeing yourself positively but not distorting reality so much that it causes problems in your relationships and career. That said, she does suggest that accurate self-perceptions might make the people around you happier. Green’s instinct lands somewhere in the middle. “I do think self-knowledge, in this more expansive sense that includes other people’s perceptions, is valuable, though I don’t claim to be able to cite rigorous studies to back that up.” Rather it is an intuition largely based on the notion that our self-perceptions greatly influence our relationships and the life- defining decisions we make. “If we don’t know ourselves, we are in danger of wasting our efforts in pursuit of things that we don’t genuinely want or care about,” says Green. In that sense, perhaps it is more beneficial to figure out what is truly important to you. For my part, I would have to admit that tapping into other people’s perceptions of my true nature held no epiphanies. The scales haven’t fallen from my eyes. I do think it was a worthwhile exercise, however, because I now have a much clearer idea of where my delusions lurk – and I will most definitely be working harder to stop talking over people. “Obviously, your reputation is a signal of the impact you are having in the world,” says Vazire. “And what you’re subjecting other people to.” ❚ Daniel Cossins is head of features at New Scientist D A IS U K E T A K A K U R A “ If we don’t know ourselves, we are in danger of pursuing things we don’t want” Knowing who you really are allows smoother interactions with others Download 0.95 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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