French as a Second Language Teaching: Identifying Methods that Improve Adult Learners’ Competencies
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French as a Second Language Teaching Identifying Methods that Im
Historical Background
The early history of European influence in North America was concerned with the struggles between the two colonizing powers, the British and the French. From the time of Jacques Cartier, the explorer of the St. Lawrence River, to that of Samuel de Champlain, the founder of Quebec and on to the settlers' invasion of New France, the issue of language was considered significant for cultural, political, and governmental reasons. French was implemented as an official language of Quebec in the Act of Union in 1840, following the 1837 rebellion led by Louis Joseph Papineau. After the confederation of Canada in 1837, the idea of language planning was often put before parliament members as an inquiry and public concern. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom of 1982 mandated that English and French had “equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the parliament and government of Canada" (Government of Canada, 1985, p. 2). French immersion programs were instituted some 56 years ago in the province of Quebec in the bilingual community of St. Lambert, just outside Montreal. The inauguration of the St. Lambert French immersion program in 1965 represented the culmination of two years of work by parents who sought changes to the then-current methods of second language teaching practiced in Quebec’s English-speaking schools (Genesee, 1984). The St. Lambert parents, along with Anglophone parents from other areas of Quebec, felt that their growing isolation from life in Quebec was due in large part to their second language incompetence and, inversely, that this social isolation was partly responsible for their linguistic inability. Thus, a vicious sociolinguistic 3 circle evolved whereby social isolation led to linguistic incompetence, which in turn perpetuated social isolation (Lambert & Tucker, 1972). I believe that the main reason for promoting French was to avoid segregation among people who spoke different languages. The early 1960s was a period in Quebec history that was marked by social unrest among French-speaking Quebecers who were demanding equal and, in some cases, superior status for the French language and culture in the province. Before this, French, although demographically dominant, was socially and economically subordinate to English (Genesee, 1984). Download 0.77 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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