"Frontmatter". In: Plant Genomics and Proteomics
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Christopher A. Cullis - Plant Genomics and Proteomics-J. Wiley & Sons (2004)
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ACTORS C ONTROL G ENE E XPRESSION Any consideration of the sequences that comprise promoters must also include the proteins that recognize these sequences and their binding to the DNA sequences that surround the transcription start site. Thus the promo- ters are the cis-acting regions that are required for gene expression whereas the trans-acting factors are usually proteins that bind to these cis-acting sequences to effect the controlled transcription. Transcription factor genes make up a substantial fraction of all eukary- ote genomes. These genes can be grouped into gene families according to the type of DNA binding domain that they encode. These families may contain large numbers of members and include functional redundancy within a family. The transcription factors can interact both among them- selves and with other proteins in their role in which they control expression of the genome at the transcriptional level. The major families of transcrip- tion factors in Arabidopsis are shown in Table 5.2 (from Reichmann and Ratcliffe, 2000). The use of microarrays for transcriptional profiling will also be impor- tant in the understanding of both the interaction of transcription factors with the DNA and the conservation of cis-acting elements among coordinately regulated genes. As the upstream and downstream sequences of coordi- nately regulated genes are identified and placed in queryable databases, the conservation of either sequence or motif will become easier to observe and better understood. This information will then be useful in the design of new transformation vectors. 9 6 5. C O N T R O L O F G E N E E X P R E S S I O N T R A N S - A C T I N G F A C T O R S C O N T R O L G E N E E X P R E S S I O N 9 7 T ABLE 5.2. M AJOR F AMILIES OF A RABIDOPSIS T RANSCRIPTION F A CT ORS Gene family Estimated number of Gene family functions Genetically characterized genes in the Arabidopsis factors Arabidopsis genome MYB 180 Secondary metabolism, cellular AtMTB2, A TR1, CCA1, CPC, morphogenesis, signal transduction GL1, LHY , WER in plant gr owth, abiotic and biotic str ess r esponses, cir cadian r hythm, dorsoventrality AP1/EREBP 150 Flower development, cell pr oliferation, ABI4, ANT , AP2, CBF1-3/DREB1 secondary metabolism, abiotic and A-C, DREB2A, ERF1 biotic str ess r esponses, ABA response, ethylene r esponse NAC 105 Development, pattern formation, or gan CUC2, NAP separation bHLH/MYC 100 Anthocyanin biosynthesis, light PIF3 responses, flower development, abiotic str ess r esponses bZIP 100 Seed storage gene expr ession, ABI5, HY5, P AN photomorphogenesis, leaf development, flower development, defense r esponse, ABA response, gibber ellin biosynthesis 9 8 5. C O N T R O L O F G E N E E X P R E S S I O N T ABLE 5.2. C ONTINUED Gene family Estimated number of Gene family functions Genetically characterized genes in the Arabidopsis factors Arabidopsis genome HB 90 Development (leaf, r oot, internode, and ANL2, ANTHB2, BEL1, GL2, ovule), stem cell identity , cell KNA T1, REV , STM, WUS dif fer entiation, gr owth r esponse, anthocyanin accumulation, cell death ZC 2 H 2 85 Flower development, flowering time, FIS2, SUP seed development, r oot nodule development MADS 80 Flower development, fr uit development, AG, AGL15, ANR1, AP1, AP3, flowering time, r oot development CAL, FLC, FUL, Pl, SEP1, SEP2, SEP3, SHP1, SHP2, SOG1, SVP WRKY 75 Defense r esponse ARF-Aux/IAA 42 Auxin r esponses, development, floral AXR2, AXR3, ETT , MP , NPH4, meristem patterning SHY2 Dof 41 Seed germination, endosperm-specific DAG1 expr ession, carbon metabolism Reprinted fr om Curr . Opin. Plant Biol. 3, Riechmann and Ratclif fe, A genomic perspective on plant transcription factors, 423–434, Copyright 2000, with permission fr om Elsevier . |
