Fundamental tibbiyot kursi

Digestive System
1. Pancreatic islets consist of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin, respectively. These cells are derived from
(A) mesoderm
(B) endoderm
(C) ectoderm
(D) neuroectoderm
(E) neural crest cells
2. A 2-month-old baby with severe jaundice also has dark-colored urine (deep yellow) and white clay-colored stool. Which of the following disorders might be suspected?
(A) Esophageal stenosis
(B) Annular pancreas
(C) Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
(D) Extrahepatic biliary atresia
(E) Duodenal atresia
3. A 28-day-old baby is brought to the physician because of projectile vomiting after feeding. Until this time, the baby has had no problems in feeding. On examination, a small knot is palpated at the right costal margin. Which of the following disorders might be suspected?
(A) Esophageal stenosis
(B) Annular pancreas
(C) Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
(D) Extrahepatic biliary atresia
(E) Duodenal atresia
4. Which of the following arteries supplies foregut derivatives of the digestive system?
(A) Celiac trunk
(B) Superior mesenteric artery
(C) Inferior mesenteric artery
(D) Right umbilical artery
(E) Intercostal artery
5. The most common type of anorectal malformation is
(A) imperforate anus
(B) anal agenesis
(C) anorectal agenesis
(D) rectal atresia
(E) colonic aganglionosis
6. The simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium lining the extrahepatic biliary ducts is derived from
(A) mesoderm
(B) endoderm
(C) ectoderm
(D) neuroectoderm
(E) neural crest cells
7. A 4-day-old baby boy has not defecated since coming home from the hospital even though feeding has been normal without any excessive vomiting. Rectal examination reveals a normal anus, anal canal, and rectum. However, a large fecal mass is found in the colon, and a large release of flatus and feces follows the rectal examination. Which of the following conditions would be suspected?
(A) Imperforate anus
(B) Anal agenesis
(C) Anorectal agenesis
(D) Rectal atresia
(E) Colonic aganglionosis
8. Which one of the following structures is derived from the midgut?
(A) Appendix
(B) Stomach
(C) Liver
(D) Pancreas
(E) Sigmoid colon
9. A 3-month-old baby girl presents with a swollen umbilicus that has failed to heal normally. The umbilicus drains secretions, and there is passage of fecal material through the umbilicus at times. What is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Omphalocele
(B) Gast roschisis
(C) Anal agenesis
(D) Ileal diverticulum
(E) Intestinal stenosis
10. The midgut loop normally herniates through the primitive umbilical ring into the extraembryonic coelom during week 6 of development. Failure of the intestinal loops to return to the abdominal cavity by week 11 results in the formation of
(A) omphalocele
(B) gastroschisis
(C) anal agenesis
(D) ileal diverticulum
(E) intestinal stenosis
11. Kupffer cells present in the adult liver are derived from
(A) mesoderm
(B) endoderm
(C) ectoderm
(D) neuroectoderm
(E) neural crest cells
12. The simple columnar and stratified columnar epithelia lining the lower part of the anal canal is derived from
(A) mesoderm
(B) endoderm
(C) ectoderm
(D) neuroectoderm
(E) neural crest cells
13. A baby born to a young woman whose pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios was placed in the intensive care unit because of repeated vomiting containing bile. The stomach was markedly distended, and only small amounts of meconium had passed through the anus. What is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Esophageal stenosis
(B) Annular pancreas
(C) Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
(D) Extrahepatic biliary atresia
(E) Duodenal atresia