Fundamentals of food technology study manual

INTRODUCTION 
Decision PQ-4406 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of July 29, 
2019 "On additional measures to further develop the processing of agricultural 
products and the food industry" to further increase the capacity of our country in 
the field of processing agricultural products, to develop an intensive agro-industrial 
system based on scientific research and the development of consulting and 
marketing services in the field of production, processing, standardization and 
agribusiness that fully meets the needs of the times. organization, further 
development of the food industry,In order to increase the investment attractiveness 
of the sector and to ensure the fulfillment of the tasks aimed at finding solutions to 
the current problems set for the introduction of modern technologies in the 
agricultural sector, great work is being carried out. 
In the social life of the human world, food plays an important role in its 
existence, existence, and lifestyle. Food production and meeting their daily needs 
is one of the factors that determine the culture of human lifestyle. Human 
development, formation, maturation in a healthy way of life, growing up, living in 
a healthy environment in the society and creating food in the production of high-
quality, ecologically clean, high-quality products rich in minerals and organic 
minerals, rich in vitamins that can fully satisfy all the body's requirements it is 
necessary to give special recognition to the places occupied by industrial 
enterprises that produce and deeply process agricultural products. Future 
engineers-technologists, 
When eating food, the human body receives vitamins, minerals, which are 
necessary for its activity, which are necessary for the development of all tissue 
cells, and which are necessary for the functioning of the moving parts of the body. 
Food is also a source of balancing energy expended during the energy-giving 
movement of the human body. Rational nutrition determines human activity and 
lifestyle in general. 
All things that are part of food are divided into two groups: the group of 
organic substances and the group of mineral substances. Enterprises processing 
agricultural products and plants in the category of food industry are divided into 
two groups. 
To enterprises engaged in the primary processing of products: processors of 
their products - flour products and cereals, sugar, starch and molasses, canning, 
first winemaking, alcohol extraction, tobacco and tea (specializing in processing 
tobacco and tea leaves), oil receivers. 
To the group of secondary product processing enterprises: bread-making, 
pasta, confectionery, sugar refining, yeast, culinary-pastry, oil processing 
(margarine, mayonnaise, soap, perfumery) processing (margarine, mayonnaise, 
soap, perfumery products), second winery (manufacturer of wine and wine 
products), tea packer, tobacco (manufacturer of cigarettes and cigarettes), etc. to 
The products of the first group of enterprises include: grains, fruits and 
vegetables, tea and tobacco leaves. 

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The products of the second group of enterprises include: flour, sugar, 
vegetable oils, wine materials, etc. Today, along with the development of modern 
technologies in the field of production, the requirements for the quality and culture 
of work in the industry are also increasing. To increase productivity in the 
conditions of market competition, first of all, to further increase the capacity for 
error-free implementation of control, calculations and reports in each part of 
production and as a whole, production, processing, standardization and 
agribusiness that fully meet the demands of the times development of consulting, 
marketing services and organization of an intensive agro-industrial system based 
on scientific research, further development of the food industry, 
In the conditions of market competition, the enterprises, including 109 large 
enterprises, operate without errors, and the control, calculations and reports are 
carried out in each part of production and as a whole. In particular, 1900 fruit and 
vegetable processing and storage, 460 meat and 800 milk processing, 2100 
confectionery production, 250 oil and oil enterprises and 6500 other food 
production enterprises are operating. is doing. 
The level of utilization of production capacities of processing enterprises is 
lower than average, in particular, in the processing of fruits and vegetables - 42 
percent, in the processing of milk - 45 percent and in the processing of meat - 55 
percent, in the production of flour products - 55 percent, in oil products - 48 
percent capacity is used. The main reason for this is the lack of effective 
cooperation between producers of agricultural products and processing enterprises, 
as well as the fact that 60-70 percent of the equipment and facilities of some 
enterprises are obsolete. 
Conditions for mutually beneficial relations are being created between the 
enterprises that grow (produce) fruits and vegetables, meat, milk and other 
agricultural food products and the enterprises that process, prepare and sell these 
products and develop the sector. The decision PQ-4821 of the President of our 
country dated September 9, 2020 was approved. 
Correct execution of notes and reports helps to organize the production 
process correctly. Increases production efficiency, improves product output and 
helps prevent unjustified losses in the production of raw materials and finished 
products. 
This science describes processes such as receiving, storing, supplying raw 
materials and auxiliary materials for production, processing, and storing finished, 
semi-finished and secondary products, as well as waste in warehouses, shipping to 
consumers, and delivery in food industry enterprises. and reports are aimed at 
forming the skills of independent use of calculations. 

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