Future perfect kelasi tugallangan zamon

FUTURE PERFECT - KELASI TUGALLANGAN ZAMON.

FUTURE PERFECT - kelasi zamonda ma’lum bir vaqtda biror ish harakatning bajarib tugatilgan bo’lishi va tugatilgan ish natijasi kelasi zamondagi o’sha vaqtda ko’rinib turishini anglatadi.

Masalan:

I will have cleaned the room by the time you come home – Siz uyga kelguningizcha men xonani tozalab bo’lgan bo’laman (Siz kelasi zamonda uyga kelasiz va Siz kelganingizda men xonani tozalab qo’ygan bo’laman. Kelganingizda, kelasi zamonda, ishimning natijasi ko’rinib turgan bo’ladi, ya’ni kelasi zamonda xona toza bo’lib turgan bo’ladi).

�� Formulasi: Subject (ega) + will have+ past participle of the main verb (Ved, V3)

Misollar:

I will have finished this task by the end of June

- Men iyunning oxirigacha bu vazifani tugatib bo‘lgan bo‘laman.

PAST PERFECT - O’tgan tugallangan zamon

 PAST PERFECT o’zbek tilida "O’tgan tugallangan zamon", deb yuritiladi. Bu zamon o‘tgan darsda tushuntirib o’tilgan hozirgi tugallangan zamon ma’nosidek ma’no anglatadi, faqat birgina farqi – o’tgan zamonda.

 �� Ta’rifi: O’tgan tugallangan zamon o’tgan zamondagi ma’lum bir ish-harakatgacha bajarib tugatilgan va natijasi o’sha o’tgan zamonda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Buni qanday tushunish mumkin? Qarang:

Temur had left when I came to the party – Men bazmga kelganimda Temur ketgan ekan (Men bazmga o’tgan zamonda bordim, ammo borganimda Temur allaqachon, men borishimdan oldin ketgan ekan. Ish-harakat men borishimdan oldin bajarib tugatilib, men borganimda natijasi ko’rinib turgandi. Ya’ni, Temur u yerda yo’q edi).

Formaulasi:

Formaulasi:

�� Ega+had+V3(ied,ed,d)

�� I, she, he, it, you, we, they + had (short form - ’d) worked.

I had played

We had played

You had played

You had played

He / she / it had played

They had played

PAST PERFECT (negative) - O’tgan tugallangan zamon (inkor)

PAST PERFECT O’tgan tugallangan zamon o’tgan zamondagi ma’lum bir ish-harakatgacha bajarib tugatilgan va natijasi o’sha o’tgan zamonda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatga nisbatan ishlatilishini o‘tgan darsda aytib o‘tdik.

 Past perfect zamonida inkor shaklidagi gaplarni yasash uchun "had" fe'lidan so‘ng "not" inkor yuklamasidan foydalanamiz.

Formulasi:

�� Ega+had+NOT+V3(ied,ed,d)

�� I, she, he, it, you, we, they + had (short form - ’d) not worked.

Misollar:

�� To‘g‘ri fe'llardan foydalanilganda:

I had not played with a ball.

You had not played with a ball.

PAST PERFECT (question) - O’tgan tugallangan zamon (so‘roq)

PAST PERFECT O’tgan tugallangan zamon o’tgan zamondagi ma’lum bir ish-harakatgacha bajarib tugatilgan va natijasi o’sha o’tgan zamonda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatga nisbatan ishlatilishini o‘tgan darsda aytib o‘tdik.

Past perfect zamonida so‘roq shaklidagi gaplarni yasash uchun "had" fe'lini egadan oldinga olib o‘tamiz.

Formulasi:

�� Had+Ega+V3(ied,ed,d)+...?

�� Had + I, she, he, it, you, we, they + worked...?

Misollar:

Had he drunk coffee before he went to work?

- U ishga ketishidan avval kofe ichdimi?

Present perfect - Hozirgi tugallangan zamon.

• Ingliz tilidagi zamonlarning turlaridan yana biri present perfect deyiladi. Biror voqea o'tmishda boshlanib, hozir tugagan holat. Yoki oldinroq sodir bo'lgan, hozir ma'lum bo'lgan. Demak, o’tgan zamonda bajarib tugatilgan va natijasi hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatga nisbatan present perfect ishlatiladi.
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• Bu zamonni ifodalash uchun egadan so'ng have/has so'zlarini ishlatib, harakat so'zlariga ied/ed/d o'tgan zamon qo'shimchalaridan birini qo'shamiz.

Formulasi:

Ega+have/has+V3(ied,ed,d)

Misol:

I have cleaned my shoes

- Men poyafzalimni tozaladim.(Ya'ni, hozirgina tozalab bo'ldim, kecha yoki undan oldin emas, yaqin vaqt oralig'ida tozaladim.)

- Saida has lost her passport – Saida pasportini yo’qotdi (natijada hozir uning pasporti yo’q – natija hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turibdi, ish harakatning qachon bajarilganligi esa aytilmayapti).

Noto'g'ri fe'llar uch xil ko'rinishi mavjud:

Noto'g'ri fe'llar uch xil ko'rinishi mavjud:

1. Infinitiv

2. Past simple

3. Past participle

Masalan, past participleda "go" - gone bo'ladi. Ba'zi noto'g'ri fe'llarning 2- va 3-ko'rinishlari bir xil bo'lsa, ba'zilari uchchala formati uch xil bo'ladi.

Quyida o'sha noto'g'ri fe'llarning ba'zilarini keltiramiz:

be (am/is/are) - was/were - been

read - read - read

make - made - made

break - broke - broken

build - built - built

buy - bought - bought

do - did - done

drive - drove - driven.

Present perfect (negative) - Hozirgi tugallangan zamon (inkor)

Present perfect zamonida inkor shaklidagi gaplarda «TO HAVE» fe’li shakllaridan keyin NOT inkor yuklamasi qo’yiladi.

Formulasi:

Ega+have/has+NOT+V3(ied,ed,d)

Kelinglar, o‘tgan darsda berilgan darak shaklidagi gaplarni inkor gaplarga aylantiramiz:

Saida has not lost her passport – Saida pasportini yo’qotmadi (natijada hozir uning pasporti bor, yo’qolmagan)

Present perfect (question) - Hozirgi tugallangan zamon (so‘roq)

Present perfect zamonida so’roq shaklidagi gaplarni yasash uchun «TO HAVE» fe’li (have yoki has) egadan oldinga o’tkaziladi.

Formulasi:

Have/has+Ega+V3(ied,ed,d)

Keling, o‘tgan darsdagi darak va inkor shaklidagi gaplarni bugun so’roq gaplarga aylantiraylik:

Has Saida lost her passport? – Saida pasportini yo’qotdimi? (Natijada hozir unda pasport yo’qmi?)