Gene therapy on the rise Having fallen out of favour in the 2000s, gene therapy is now helping
“ They’re all home with their families and they’re no different to
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Bog'liqGene therapy on the rise
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They’re all home with their families and they’re no different to other kids” This therapy replaces the abnormal version of the IL2RG gene that causes the condition, similarly using a virus to deliver normal copies of the gene into stem cells. Since 2016, 23 infants with X-SCID have received the therapy when aged between 2 months and 14 months. All have now developed fully functional immune systems or are expected to as their treatment progresses, says Mamcarz. “They’re all home with their families and they’re no different to other kids,” she says. A gene therapy for another rare condition, infantile GM1 gangliosidosis – which progressively destroys nerve cells and is usually fatal before the age of 10 – was presented by David Weinstein from the US company Passage Bio. Two children, aged 15 months and 31 months at treatment, received the therapy in March 2021. To replace the abnormal version of the GLB1 gene causing their condition, Weinstein’s team injected normal copies of the gene via a virus into cerebrospinal fluid in the backs of the children’s necks. The virus then circulated around their brains and spinal cords, delivering the new genes. The brains of children with GM1 gangliosidosis usually progressively shrink, but the younger child has displayed normal brain growth since the gene therapy. Both have also learned to walk and talk, which only some children with the condition ever achieve and they then lose the ability as their illness progresses. The older child has shown improvements, but not to the same extent as the younger one, possibly because he had more severe disease to begin with. No side effects None of the three gene therapies has caused any serious side effects to date. The only known treatment with the same effectiveness is a stem cell transplant. This requires a matched donor, which can be hard to find. Stem cell transplants also run the risk of graft-versus-host disease, a potentially life- threatening complication that occurs when the transplanted cells attack the recipient’s own cells. In the early 2000s, gene therapies fell out of favour after some people receiving them developed leukaemia, but this was related to the particular mouse virus used to deliver the genes into cells, says Mamcarz. Most groups now use an inactivated form of HIV to deliver the genes. It has been gutted so “it’s just like a shell for carrying the genes into cells”, says Mamcarz. The treatment seems safe so far and there is no risk of them catching HIV from the inactive virus. However, all children who receive this virus will be carefully monitored for at least 15 years to check for increased cancer risk, which is a requirement of the US Food and Drug Administration for all gene therapies. Download 0.91 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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