General information about equivalence in translation Theories of equivalence Types of equivalence in translation

LECTURE 3
EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION
PLAN:

1. 
   General information about equivalence in translation
   
2. 
   Theories of equivalence
   
3. 
   Types of equivalence in translation.
   

1. 
   General information about equivalence in translation
   

Translation is a kind of language mediation that focuses on a foreign language, and the translation must be absolutely identical to the original text. At the same time, the absolute identity between translation and the original text is unattainable, but this does not prevent the implementation of interlingual communication.
Why do we face such difficulties in the translation processDifficulties in the translation process arise not only when translating poetic, cultural or historical texts, specific realities, but they can also arise when translating the most elementary statements.
Suppose we translate an English sentence The student is reading a book as a Студент читает книгу – Талаба китоб ўқияпти
In most cases, such a translation will be quite correct and will not require any improvements. It is obvious, however, that there is no complete identity here. The English original contains an indication that we are talking about some person known to the communicats, and on the contrary, about some indefinite book.
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There is no such indication in the translation, as well as information that the action occurs at the moment of speech, and is not repeated regularly.
On the other hand, the Russian language forces us to report that the reader is a male person, although in the original it could have been a woman.
Attempts to convey absolutely everything in translation, as a rule, lead to completely unacceptable results.
Therefore, in translation, the absence of identity between the content of the original and the translation is denoted by the term "equivalence".
Since the importance of the maximum identity between the original and the translation should be obvious, we consider equivalence as an important condition for the existence of a translation.

2.