Gerund(ing)
1. Verb ga gerund(ing) qo'shilib harakat nomi bo'lib ishlatiladi.
-Cycling is a popular form of exercise
-Smoking is harmful for health
2. Ingliz tilida 2 ta fe'l yonma-yon kelganida ikkinchi fe'lga qo'shib ishlatiladi.
Quyidagi fe'llardan so'ng ikkinchi fe'lga doimiy ravishda gerund(ing) qo'shiladi.
Admit,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,consider,continue,deny,discuss,enjoy,excuse ,fancy,finish,imagine,involve,keep,mention,suggest,resent,understand,tolerate.….
-They considered moving abroad
-He avoided answering my question
-He continued speaking
-I will consider going with you
-Do you fancy going out this evening?
Attention: Ingliz tilida birinchi kelgan fe'l active va passive zamonlarda tuslangani kabi ikkinchi kegan fe'l ham active va passive zamonlarda tuslanishi mumkin
Active tenses
a) V+Ving=Present Simple,Future Simple
-Ken and Nancy enjoy gardening.
-She suggested going to a movie
b) V+having V3/ed=Past Simple,Present Perfect,Past Perfect,Future Perfect
-He denied having lied to his parents
Attention:V+Ving=V+having V3/ed ga sinonim bo'lib ham ishlatilishi mumkin hech qanday ma'nodagi o'zgarishsiz.
-I don't recall meeting him before=I don't recall having met him before
Passive tenses
a) V+being V3/ed=Present Simple Passive,Future Simple Passive
-He escapes being killed(U o'ldirilishidan qochib qoldi)
b) V+having been V3/ed=Past Simple,Present Perfect,Past Perfect,Future Perfect
-He escaped having been killed
3.Quyidagi iboralarda gerund(ing) ishlatiladi.
a) to be busy+Ving
-She is busy writing the wedding invitations
b) It is no use+Ving-foydasi yo'q
-It is no use asking me about it,because I don't know anything
c) It is no good+Ving
-It is no good telling him-he won't listen
d) to be(not) worth+Ving-arziydi yoki arzimaydi
-The film is worth watching
-This book is not worth reading
d) What is the use of+Ving-nima foydasi bor
-What is the use of telling him what to do,he will not listen to you
e) can't help+Ving-o'zini to'htatolmaslik
-Stop laughing
-I can't help laughing
f)can't bear/stand+Ving=chidab turolmaslik
- Lily can't stand working in an office
- I can't bear people smoking around me when i am eating
Exception: can't stand/bear to do smth ham ishlatilishi mumkin
-She can't stand to hear them arguing
-I can't bear to see her cry
g) There is no point (in)+Ving-foydasi yo'q,hech qanday ma'no yo'q
-There is no point getting upset about it
h) have trouble/difficulty+Ving
-She had great difficulty finding a job
-Parents often have trouble finding good teachers for their children
i) have a hard/difficult/good/excellent time...+Ving
-I had a good time talking with Jane
-I had a hard time working in rain
4. Spend,waste,lose(time,money...) fe'llaridan so'ng doimo fe'lga gerund(ing) qo'shiladi.
-We wasted a lot of time trying to find a parking space
-He lost $100,000 investing in unsuccessful companies
-i wasted five hours waiting for you
5. Phrasel Verbs va prepositiondan keyin kelgan fe'lga doim gerund(ing) ishlatiladi.
-He was found guilty of lying in court
-He went on working until he was 91
Attention:_To_bilan_tugaydigan_phrasel_verb_va_preposition_keyin_ham_gerund(ing)_qoshiladi._Ular_quyidagilar:look_forward_to,be_used_to,get_round_to,object_to,addition_to,admit_to...'>Attention: To bilan tugaydigan phrasel verb va preposition keyin ham gerund(ing) qo'shiladi.
Ular quyidagilar:look forward to,be used to,get round to,object to,addition to,admit to...
-She objects to working on Saturdays
-I am looking forward to seeing them
6. Agar hear,listen to,notice,see,watch va feel fe'llaridan so'ng kelgan fe'lga ing qo'shilsa(V+O+Ving)bu holda ish harakatni siz to'liq hear,listen to,notice,see,watch va feel qilmagan bo'lasiz ya'ni qisman guvoh bo'lgan bo'lasiz.
- I listened to James singing a song(Siz Jamesni musiqa aytayotgan paytda eshitib qolgansiz boshidan ohirigacha aytishini eshitmagansiz)
- He saw her dancing to classical music
Attention:Agar hear,listen to,notice,see,watch and feel fe'llaridan so'ng bare infinitive kelsa,(V+O+V) siz ish harakatni to'liq hear,listen to,notice,see,watch and feel qilgan bo'lasiz.
- I listened to James sing a song(Siz Jamesni musiqa aytishini boshidan ohirigacha eshitgansiz)
-He saw her dance to classical music
7. Sababni ifodalash uchun gapning boshida Verb(fe'l)ga gerund(ing) qo'shilishi mumkin.
-Feeling shy,Laura did not talk to Ben(=because she was shy)
-Having seen the film before,I decided to stay at home(=Because I had seen the film before,I decided to stay at home)
8. Vaqtni ifodalash uchun gapning boshida Verb(fe'l)ga gerund(ing) qo'shilishi mumkin.
-Having taken his Master's degree,he applied for a job(=After he had taken his Master's degree,he applied for a job).
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