Glaaonaa sa riSayana naava: глонасс, abbreviation of глобальная навигационная Спутниковая С

glaaonaa^sa (riSayana naava: ГЛОНАСС, abbreviation of ГЛОбальная НАвигационная Спутниковая Система; tr.: GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema; ([Mga`jaI naava : "GLObal NAvigation Satellite System" (GLONASS )

• glaaonaa^sa (riSayana naava: ГЛОНАСС, abbreviation of ГЛОбальная НАвигационная Спутниковая Система; tr.: GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema; ([Mga`jaI naava : "GLObal NAvigation Satellite System" (GLONASS )

• hI {paga`havar AaQaairta ibanataarI naaivak pa`NaalaI Asauna tatkailana riSayana mahasaMGaatafo- ivakaisata krNyaata Aalaolyaa pa`NaalaIcaI maalakI Aataa riSayaacyaa AvakaSa ivaBaagaakDo Aaho.

• 1976 maQyao hIcaa ivakasa saur] Jaalaa. 1991 maQyao saMpauNa- jagaBar ihcao pa`Baava Xao~a tayaar krNyaacao inaiScata kolao. 2001 saalaacyaa saurvaataIlaa yaa pa`klpaalaa Aaiqa-k ADcaNaIMcaa saamanaa kravaa laagalaa. sapToMbar 2010 maQyao hI paUNa- Xamataonao kaya-rta JaalaI.

glaaonaa^sa hI riSayana laYkralaa yauw va [tar kaLamaQyao Acauk vaoL, sqaana va vaoga samajanyaasaazI ivaksaIta kolaI Aaho.

• glaaonaa^sa hI riSayana laYkralaa yauw va [tar kaLamaQyao Acauk vaoL, sqaana va vaoga samajanyaasaazI ivaksaIta kolaI Aaho.

• yaa pa`NaalaImaQyao jaasta Acauktaa zovaNyaacaa pa`yatna krNyaata Aalaolaa Aaho.( 15 saomaI paya-Mta)

• glaaonaa^sa ivaYayaI qaaoD@yaata:

• 24 kaya-rta {paga`h , itana Ba`maNa kXaomaQyao pa`tyaok kXaota 8 {paga`h, 64.8 AMSaacaa Jaukava, BaUpaRYzapaasauna 19,100 ikmaI {McaIvar, Ba`maNa kaL 11 taasa, 15 maIinaTo

• kaoNatyaahI izkaNaI kmaIta kmaI paaca {paga`h idsataIla ASaI vyavasqaa.

• pa`tyaok {paga`halaa k`maaMk paihlyaa kXaomaQyao 1 tao 8, dusa%yaa kXaota 9 tao 16, itasa%yaa kXaota 17 tao 24 k`maaMkacao.

glaaonaa^sa {paga`h daona pa`karcao saMkotaaMk pa`oYaIta krtaata. 1) .pa`maaiNata Acauk saMko taaMk (standard precision (SP)) 2).dubaao-Qa {cca Acauk saMko taaMk (obfuscated high precision (HP)

• glaaonaa^sa {paga`h daona pa`karcao saMkotaaMk pa`oYaIta krtaata. 1) .pa`maaiNata Acauk saMko taaMk (standard precision (SP)) 2).dubaao-Qa {cca Acauk saMko taaMk (obfuscated high precision (HP)

• sava- {paga`h eksaarKao SP saMkotaaMk pa`oiYata krtaata.

• HP saMkotaaMk SP saMkotaaMkapaoXaa 10 paT jaasta {

• SP saMkotaaMkaMcaI iXataIja samaaMtar Acauktaa 5 tao 10 maI. {BaI 15 maI. tar vaogaamaQyao 10 saomaI paya-Mta.

• BaUmaapaI

• glaaonaa^sa pa`NaalaI hI yaa "PZ-90" (Earth Parameters 1990 – Parametry Zemli 1990), BaaOgaaoilak samanvaya pa`NaalaIcaa vaapar krtao.

• hI {

Tsiklon ha {paga`h jao esa saI maaihtaI AaiNa {paga`h pa`NaalaIcyaa (JSC Information Satellite Systems) naotaRtvaaKaalaI va riSayana AvakaSa AiBayaaM~aIkI saMsqaa (Institute for Space Device Engineering) AaiNa raiSayana ibanataarI naivak saMsqaocyaa (Russian Institute of Radio navigation and Time) sahkayaa-nao tayaar kolaa.

• Tsiklon ha {paga`h jao esa saI maaihtaI AaiNa {paga`h pa`NaalaIcyaa (JSC Information Satellite Systems) naotaRtvaaKaalaI va riSayana AvakaSa AiBayaaM~aIkI saMsqaa (Institute for Space Device Engineering) AaiNa raiSayana ibanataarI naivak saMsqaocyaa (Russian Institute of Radio navigation and Time) sahkayaa-nao tayaar kolaa.

• gaolyaa itana dSakamaQyao glaaonaa^sacyaa vaaTcaalaImaQyao Anaok badla Jaalao Aahota. pa`tyaok {paga`halaa ivaiSaYT naavao idlaI Aahota. yaamaQyao Uragan (English: hurricane)

• paihlaI ipaZI 18 {paga`haMcao {D\DaNa 1982 tao 1985 drmyaana Jaalao.

• saha Block IIa {paga`haMcao yaSasvaI pa`oXapaNa 1985 tao 1986 drmyaana Jaalao. tyaaMcyaa kaya-Xamataa va AayauYyaata vaaZ (16 maihnao) krNyaata AalaI.. 1987 maQyao yaa Block IIb 12 {paga`hacao pa`XaopaNa krNyaata Aalao tyaacao AayauYya 2 vaYao- haotao parMtaU yaataIla inammyaaMcao pa`XaopaNa AyaSasvaI Jaalao.

• 1988 tao 2000 yaa drmyaana Block IIv yaa {paga`haMcao pa`XaopaNa krNyaata Aalao. 2005 paya-Mta 25 {paga`haMcao pa`XaopaNa krNyaata Aalao haotao.

dusa%yaa {paga`haMnaa Uragan-M ikMvaa Glonass-M Asao mhTlao jaatao.yaacaI inaima-taI 1990 paasauna saur] hao{]na 2001 maQyao pa`XaopaNa kolao gaolao. 2007 paya-Mta sava- 14 {paga`haMcao pa`XaopaNa krNyaata Aalao.

• dusa%yaa {paga`haMnaa Uragan-M ikMvaa Glonass-M Asao mhTlao jaatao.yaacaI inaima-taI 1990 paasauna saur] hao{]na 2001 maQyao pa`XaopaNa kolao gaolao. 2007 paya-Mta sava- 14 {paga`haMcao pa`XaopaNa krNyaata Aalao.

• yaaMcao AayauYya 7 vaYao-, vajana 1480 ikga`. 1600 va^T Xamataocao saaOr pa^nala va AVavata GaDyaaLo

inayaM~aNa kXa:

• inayaM~aNa kXa:

• mauKya : maa^skao va [tar : saoMT ipaTsa-baga-, Tonaao-paaola, [inasao[-sk, kaomsaaomaaolsk naa Amyaur

• hatasaMca:

• Septentrio, Topcon, JAVAD, Magellan Navigation, Novatel, Leica Geosystems ,Trimble Inc.

• Acauktaa: jaIpaIesa paoXaa qaaoDIsaI kmaI

1960 cyaa {

• 1960 cyaa {

• 1968 va 69 maQyao riSayana saMrXaNa maM~aalaya, vaO&aainak saMsqaa yaaMnaI AvakaSa, jaimana,samaud`,va hvaomaQyao {payau@ta zrNaa%yaa pa`NaalaIcaa ivakasa.

• sahavaYaa-naMtar iDsaoM. 1976 maQyao glaaonaa^sacyaa ivakasaacaa inaNa-ya

• sana 1982 tao epa`Ila 1991 paya-Mta riSayaanao glaaonaa^sa saMbaMQaI 43 {paga`haMcao pa`XaopaNa kolao.

• 26 Aa^@Tao. va 25 iDsaoM. 2007 maQyao saha {paga`haMcao pa`XaopaNa

• 2008 maQyao naivana saha {paga`haMcao pa`XaopaNa

• 2009maQyao itana naivana {paga`haMcao pa`XaopaNa

• maaca- va sapTo. 2010 maQyao daona GLONASS-M{paga`haMcao pa`XaopaNa

jaanao, 2004 maQyao Baarta riSayaa parspar sahkaya- krar, 2008 maQyao daohaoMsaazI 18 {paga`h tar 2010 maQyao tao 24

• jaanao, 2004 maQyao Baarta riSayaa parspar sahkaya- krar, 2008 maQyao daohaoMsaazI 18 {paga`h tar 2010 maQyao tao 24

• iDsaoM. 2005 maQyao paMtapa`Qaana manamaaohna isaMga va blaaidmaIr pauitana yaaMmaQyao va Aaiqa-k sahkaya- krar hao{]na Baartaatauna {paga`haMcao {D\DaNa krNyaacao zrlao.

• 2008 maQyao saitaSa Qavana koMd` AaMQa` yaoqauna daona {paga`haMcao pa`XaopaNa,