Grammar as a phenomenon – a subsystem of language as a linguistic discipline

Substantivization of Adjectives
Adjectives can be substantivized, i.e. become nouns. When adjectives are converted into nouns, they no longer indicate properties of substances, but come to express substances possessing these properties. (the wise, the cold)
Adjectivization of Nouns
Such constructions as stone wall, peace talks
*(доп-но)Statives (Ilyish-was 1^st to mention them) – alive, awake –some problems: morphologically, statives seem to stand apart from adjectives, for they have a specific prefix a- and lack the grammatical category of degrees of comparison. On the one hand, there are a lot of adjectives that stand outside the grammatical category of degrees of comparison. On the other hand, some of the so-called statives form degrees of comparison just like most qualitative adjectives, e.g.:
The two main meals of the day, lunch and dinner, are both more or less alike (Lingaphone English Course).
As for the prefix a-, the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English regards it as an adjective-forming prefix.
11. The category of tense. Posteriority

Time and tense:

Time – objective, universal concept, independent of language, common to all human beings
Tense – gram. Expression of time relations, when these are realized by V-forms, it is language dependent.
When speaking of the expression of time by the verb, it is necessary to strictly distinguish between the general notion of time, the lexical denotation of time, and the grammatical time proper, or grammatical temporality.
Grammatical and lexical means of expressing time:


Lexical:
Adverbs of time, prepositional group, can make reference to time; can denote any definite moment; denote time directly.
Grammatical:
V- forms; it is an abstraction; - indirectly not the time proper, but an action that takes place..took place..will take place in a moment of speaking.