Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
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- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Table 13.
- 10.4 Symbols for the elements
- 10.4.2 Subscripts and superscripts on element symbols
- Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
- 10.5.2 Decimal sign or marker
10.2.2 Units— roman The symbols for units and SI prefixes are roman: m meter g gram L liter cm centimeter μg microgram mL milliliter 10.2.3 Descriptive terms — roman Symbols representing purely descriptive terms (for example, the chemical elements) are roman, as are symbols representing mathematical constants that never change (for example, π) and symbols representing explicitly defined functions or well defined operators (for example, Γ(x) or div): Chemical elements: Ar argon B boron C carbon Mathematical constants, functions, and operators: e base of natural logarithms Σx i Σ sum of exp x exp exponential of log a x log a logarithm to the base a of dx/dt d 1st derivative of sin x sin sine of Symbols used as subscripts and superscripts are roman if descriptive: ir irrational E k k kinetic ) ir ( 0 ε m molar, l liquid phase μ B B Bohr 1 m V 10.2.4 Sample equations showing correct type 2 0 2 1 4 r q q F πε = F = ma pV = nRT φ B = x B V * m,B / E a = RT 2 d(1n k) / dT c 1 = λ −5 /[exp(c 2 / λT) − 1] ∑ A A V x , * m E = mc 2 ) / ( lim ~ B B 0 B B λ λ p x p p → = V Q grad − = F 10.3 Greek alphabet in roman and italic type Table 13 shows the proper form, in both roman and italic type, of the upper-case and lower-case letters of the Greek alphabet. 35 Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) 36 Table 13. Greek alphabet in roman and italic type Greek Letter Name Roman Italic alpha Α α Α α beta Β β Β β gamma Γ γ Γ γ delta Δ δ Δ δ epsilon Ε ε Ε ε zeta Ζ ζ Ζ ζ eta Η η Η η theta Θ, Ө (a) θ, ϑ (b) Θ, Ө (a) θ, ϑ (b) iota Ι ι Ι i kappa Κ κ, ϰ ( β ) Κ κ, ϰ (b) lambda Λ λ Λ λ mu Μ μ Μ μ nu Ν ν Ν ν xi Ξ ξ Ξ ξ omicron Ο ο Ο ο pi Π π, ϖ (b) Π π, ϖ (b) rho Ρ ρ Ρ ρ sigma Σ σ Σ σ tau Τ τ Τ τ upsilon Υ υ Υ υ phi Φ ϕ, φ Φ φ, φ chi Χ χ Χ χ psi Ψ ψ Ψ ψ omega Ω ω Ω ω ( a ) ISO (see Ref. [4: ISO 31-0]) gives only the first of these two letters. ( b ) ISO (see Ref. [4: ISO 31-0]) gives these two letters in the reverse order. 10.4 Symbols for the elements The following two sections give the rules and style conventions for the symbols for the elements. 10.4.1 Typeface and punctuation for element symbols Symbols for the elements are normally printed in roman type without regard to the type used in the surrounding text (see Sec. 10.2.3). They are not followed by a period unless at the end of a sentence. 10.4.2 Subscripts and superscripts on element symbols The nucleon number (mass number) of a nuclide is indicated in the left superscript position: 28 Si. The number of atoms in a molecule of a particular nuclide is shown in the right subscript position: 1 H 2 . The proton number (atomic number) is indicated in the left subscript position: 29 Cu. The state of ionization or excitation is indicated in the right superscript position, some examples of which are as follows: Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) State of ionization: Ba ++ Co(NO 2 ) 6 − − −. or or [Co(NO 2 ) 6 ] 3 − − 3 6 2 ) NO ( Co Electronic excited state: Ne *, CO* Nuclear excited state: 15 N* or 15 N m 10.5 Printing numbers The following three sections give rules and style conventions related to the printing of numbers. 10.5.1 Typeface for numbers Arabic numerals expressing the numerical values of quantities (see Sec. 7.6) are generally printed in lightface (that is, regular) roman type irrespective of the type used for the surrounding text. Arabic numerals other than numerical values of quantities may be printed in lightface or bold italics, or in bold roman type, but lightface roman type is usually preferred. 10.5.2 Decimal sign or marker The recommended decimal sign or marker for use in the United States is the dot on the line [3, 6]. For numbers less than one, a zero is written before the decimal marker. For example, 0.25 s is the correct form, not .25 s. 10.5.3 Grouping digits Because the comma is widely used as the decimal marker outside the United States, it should not be used to separate digits into groups of three. Instead, digits should be separated into groups of three, counting from the decimal marker towards the left and right, by the use of a thin, fixed space. However, this practice is not usually followed for numbers having only four digits on either side of the decimal marker except when uniformity in a table is desired. Examples: 76 483 522 but not: 76,483,522 43 279.168 29 but not: 43,279.168 29 8012 or 8 012 but not: 8,012 0.491 722 3 is highly preferred to: 0.4917223 0.5947 or 0.594 7 but not: 0.59 47 8012.5947 or 8 012.594 7 but not: 8 012.5947 or 8012.594 7 Note: The practice of using a space to group digits is not usually followed in certain specialized applications, such as engineering drawings and financial statements. Download 1.93 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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