Historic Sights of Tashkent

Dishan-kala
Dishan-kala means "outside city", "outside fortress". After another raid in Khorasan 20 thousands of southerners had been forcibly resettled in Khorezm, in its capital city - Khiva. As a result of it, in 1842 under the leadership of Mohammed Yaqub Mekhtar, the Minister of State, there were built 6 km length powerful city-wall with ten gates around Khiva within 30 days. The city-boundaries enveloped the suburban palaces of Rafanik and Nurullabay Khans too. Since then, a large ring of the city became known as "Dishan-kala". In honor of urban transformations there were composed laudatory odes at that time. Historian Agakhi defines the time of building of fortifications with words "Fortification is neatly constructed" ("Khisori khush bino"), that in digital form shows 1258 hijra year (1842).
Ichan-kala
Ichan-Kala literally means "inner fortress". This name was confirmed after the emergence of outer wall of the city, which fenced Dishan-kala (i.e."outside fortress"). In this case the word "kala" - " fortress" should be understood as "the earliest city Khiva". Ichan-Kala had been in line with the territory of Khiva city till XVIII century. The fortress oriented to the cardinal points with some deviation in azimuth of about 25 , extends from north to south (650h400 m) and occupies 26 hectares of territory. Surrounded by the wall with length of more than 2200 m. The height of the walls of -7-8 m, thickness at the internal level land -5-6 pm. At the axes of the fortress are located architectural structures - gates. North Gate - Bagcha-darvaza go to Urgench road, east one - Palvan-darvaza lead to the direction of the Amu Darya and Khazarasp, behind the Southern gate - Tash darvaza, beyond a narrow strip of oasis sands of the Karakum Desert begins, Western gate - Ata-darvaza is located near the Kukhna-Ark. Because of its breakdown rate Ata-Darvaza were demolished in 1920. According to reconstruction plan of the State Architectural Reserve Ichan-Kala in 1975 the gate structure restored to its previous form. The fortress wall with many retaining strong semi-circular towers and a continuous band of lancet galleries with loopholes and battlements gave the city form an impregnable stronghold. Restorers are in front of difficult work to support, improve and restore the adobe walls of the fortress as a unique monument of the late fortification architecture. At the walls of the fortress from the outside are lines of graves of different time: Due to the proximity of groundwater of Khiva people had tried to bury deads on highlands.Inside Ichan-Kala there are preserved the unique monuments of monumental and religious, civic architecture, various residential formations. All of them are under state protection.
Kukhna-Ark
Kukhna Ark is an ancient citadel. From great size of cultural stratifications we can conclude that the territory, occupied by the fortress (about 1 ha), had been settled since olden times. Perhaps, this was the original building, which served as the beginning of foundation of the city. According to Abulgazikhan, in the 90's of XVI century, in the citadel of Khiva there was not ark. We also know that under Arangkhan (1686-1688) on this place there was built a new kurinishhana.
Karakalpakistan