History and ideas of development of electrical and electronics science

Information about electric energy - electric charge, area, electric current, potential, resistance, dielectric, photoeffect, thermoelectronic emission.

Since all the bodies in the external environment are made of atoms, i.e. protons and neutrons, it is necessary to dwell on their separate properties. Electrons are negatively charged particles that form a special orbit around a positively charged proton and rotate in this orbit. Since the electrons located in the peripheral parts of this orbit are far from the center of the nucleus, they can be removed from the effect of this orbit with the help of a small amount of external energy. In the natural state, electrons and protons in the atom are in mutual balance with the external environment. If as a result of any impact it loses electrons or protons from its composition, then the balance is disturbed. The more charge an atom loses from its composition, the stronger it becomes electrified. The amount of electricity in a charged body is called electric charge and is denoted by the letter q. The force of interaction between two charges is expressed by Coulomb's law. This law is found in the following formula. The space that can be affected by an electric charge is called an electric field. Every charged object has an electric field around it. In order to remove the charge at a certain point of the electric field from the influence of this field, the forces in the field must do work, and the quantity representing this work is called the potential of this point. The orderly movement of charged particles under the influence of external forces is called electric current. The resistance of this conductor is the force exerted on the movement of charged particles when an electric current of 1 A passes through a conductor with a length of 1 m and a thickness of 1 mm. Materials that do not conduct electricity by themselves without the influence of external forces are called dielectric materials. Semiconductor elements in Mendeleev's chemical periodic table have such an amazing property that they release or absorb electrons under the influence of light. This amazing phenomenon is called the photoeffect. This was first observed by the Russian scientist A.G. Stoletov in 1888. Under the influence of heat, the movement of electrons in metals accelerates and electrical conductivity increases. This phenomenon is called thermoelectronic emission.

CONCLUSION

Electrotechnical science is a science that studies the ways of generating electricity and using it for practical purposes. Currently, electric energy, unlike all known energies, occupies an unparalleled place in industry, transport, agriculture, household services and all spheres of the national economy. The advantages of this energy are;

1) it can be converted into any type of energy, or any energy can be converted into electrical energy,
2) with the help of the simplest and cheapest devices, it is possible to transmit electric energy at a very high speed, in any amount and over long distances
Russian scientists and engineers contributed a great deal to the development of electrical engineering. The study of electrical phenomena began in 1650 with the creation of the first electric machine.
According to modern theory, each atom consists of two parts: a positively charged nucleus and a negatively charged electron. An atom does not have any electrical properties because it contains two different charges in the same amount. Atoms of different elements differ from each other only in atomic weight.
References

1. 
   Buhoro davlat unversiteri electron kutub honasi
   

2. 
   Akademik litsey va kasb-hunar kollejlari uchun o‘quv qojlanma