I. 1 Use of interactive technologies I

I CHAPTER . THE IMPORTANCE OF THE USE OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE LEARNING PROCESS TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION
I.1 DEFINING EDUCATIONAL GOALS IN THE METHOD OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGY.

There is a constant need for teachers to share experiences and improve their skills. After all, the effectiveness of the lessons is ensured by the fact that the teacher is aware of the latest socio-political events, as well as the latest news on the subject he teaches. In this case, it is important that the specialist has the skills to use the Internet. Therefore, a modern teacher should be able to independently improve their skills, to be part of the daily preparation for lessons.

It should be noted that the task of renewing staff training can be achieved through the reorganization of existing teaching methods on the basis of pedagogical technology, design and implementation to ensure the outcome of the pedagogical process in the classroom, extracurricular activities.
Studying the pedagogical technologies used in developed countries, it is expedient to create a national pedagogical technology of the republic based on the current state of national pedagogy of our people.
Technology can be defined as a social phenomenon that results in the systematic influence of the educator on students in the conditions created by teaching aids, effectively forming the social qualities necessary for society and predetermined in them, or such an event can be called pedagogical technology will be.¹ Because pedagogical technology was a social necessity, it first emerged in the United States in the 1970s on the basis of the current of philosophical behaviorism, and quickly spread to other developed countries.²
According to VPBespalko, a Russian scientist who was one of the first in the CIS to substantiate the need to introduce pedagogical technology into the educational process, “Pedagogical technology is a student who can guarantee pedagogical success regardless of teacher skills is a project of personality formation process ”¹
BMMonakhov, a Russian scientist, draws attention to its main features, giving a brief description: "Pedagogical technology is a system of systematic actions that lead to pre-planned results and must be performed."
"Pedagogical technology is the technologicalization of the educational process, which frees it from the bureaucratic and subjective characteristics of the executor of the pedagogical process," said Monakhov.²
According to MBK, "Pedagogical technology is the design of the educational process based on pre-defined target indicators with a technological approach to the educational process."³
According to Nurali Saidakhmedov and Abdurahmon Ochilov, Uzbek students at VPBespalko, pedagogical technology is the process by which a teacher uses teaching aids to influence students under certain conditions and, as a result of this activity, intensively shapes their pre-defined personality traits.⁴
Uzbek pedagogical scientist BLFarberman describes pedagogical technologies as follows: “Pedagogical technology is a new approach to the educational process, and in engineering, social engineering is an expression of consciousness. It is a social phenomenon associated with the standardization of the pedagogical process on the basis of technical capabilities and human technical thinking, and the creation of its optimal design. ”⁵
According to the definition of UNESCO, one of the authoritative bodies of the United Nations, “Pedagogical technology is the interdependence of technology and human resources in the acquisition and acquisition of knowledge, in the design and implementation of the entire educational process. to use a comprehensive approach to education ”¹
Pedagogical technology is generally based on reproductive teaching, in which the learning process is focused on helping students master the actions of specific situations.
In the process of reproductive education in pedagogical technology, the lesson is divided into specific parts, each of which shows the results that students need to know. The study materials will be divided into modules depending on the purpose of the lesson. Test questions are created for each module. The learning process will be focused on finding clear answers to the test questions, forming a whole as a result of the questions and answers being interrelated.
In pedagogical technology, in addition to the reproductive method, research and other methods are used.
In the formation of free citizens of independent Uzbekistan, a specialist with a certain amount of knowledge necessary for the national economy, and in the face of various problems, to find ways to independently search for and solve them entrepreneurial actions, typical actions, reproductive and non-standard situations , research methods that teach how to quit . The method we need is a technologically integrated method, formed from a mixture of these two traditional methods. It is called pedagogical technology.
In developed countries, pedagogical technology options have been developed for different levels of education (reproductive, productive, research-creative). Extensive educational reforms require the study of advanced educational technologies and their introduction into the educational process. This, in turn, requires teachers to adopt a technological approach to education, the method of pedagogical technology and its application and development in pedagogical practice, taking into account the national, spiritual and cultural characteristics of Uzbekistan, the advanced historical traditions. requires¹
The technology of the learning process can be structured into a single lesson, a single topic, or a part of a subject and an entire subject.
The first of the principles of creating pedagogical technology is the formation of the main goal expected from a particular lesson, topic, section, subject; the second is to divide the lesson or subject into modules based on the overall goal, to determine the expected goal of each module and the system of issues to be addressed within the modules; the third is to compile test questions on each of the issues to be addressed within the module; the fourth is that once the goals are clear and the test questions are structured, the methods of achieving the goals are selected and the specific places where they are used are identified.
One of the problems of school education today is the identification of advanced pedagogical practices and new innovative technologies, their widespread introduction into school practice, testing their didactic potential. This is evident in the experience of schools , which organize the school process on the basis of new technologies, search for pedagogical innovations, increase their educational efficiency as a result of their application .
The main factors for the creation and effective use of a system of advanced pedagogical technologies are:
The most important factor is to increase initiative and interest in innovation among educators by creating a creative environment for the school community. At the same time, it is important to stimulate the research activities of teachers, to develop a mechanism for their full support.
A natural question arises: what tasks should be performed to improve the system of continuous methodological services, which is the scientific and methodological basis for the management of the educational process in schools ? In the implementation of advanced pedagogical practices, information and communication technologies in practice, it is especially useful to properly organize the activities of school pedagogical councils and methodological associations, which are the main link in the provision of continuous methodological services. In this regard, it is important to ensure full compliance with the requirements of the new edition of the Regulations on the improvement and organization of methodological services approved by the Ministry of Public Education. According to him, it is expedient to organize the work of methodological associations in schools on a scientific basis, to involve in their management creative, inquisitive, highly professional, experienced innovative educators.¹
The work of the pedagogical council, methodical council and methodological associations, which are part of the traditional methodical service structure in the school, does not yield results in accordance with the period when the content of education is being modernized. In our opinion, these councils include a group of "Advanced Practice School", "School of Young Professionals" and Variety Associations ( Association for Improving Targeted Skills, Coordination Group for Control and Assessment Analysis, Interdisciplinary), which brings together the most active teachers. it would be expedient to establish the work of new public associations, such as the group for improving communication, the group for improving scientific and methodological skills).
Didactic principle is activity in education, which allows students to develop initiative and independence, thorough and in-depth acquisition of knowledge, the necessary skills and abilities, observation, thinking and connected speech, memory and creative imagination. Criteria of activity are directly related to the principle of consciousness. Because where there is activity, there is consciousness.
The concept of "innovation" is already widely used in the new pedagogical lexicon. This concept means "innovation", "reform". In a broad sense, any change in the education system is a pedagogical innovation. Initially, these concepts were applied to socio-economic and technological processes, and then they were applied to any innovations in the education system. That is why pedagogical innovations are called technology. By now, pedagogical innovation has taken shape. Pedagogical innovation is seen as a doctrine of pedagogical innovation, their evaluation and assimilation by the pedagogical community, and finally its application in practice.
This doctrine covers three areas. The first is called pedagogical neology, in which any innovations in the field of pedagogy are studied and generalized.
The second is called pedagogical axiology, in which the most effective pedagogical innovations are selected.
The third is called pedagogical praxology. At the same time, it is important to apply the selected pedagogical innovations in practice, to achieve certain results.¹
At the heart of any pedagogical innovation lies any idea. At the heart of the idea is the teacher's interaction with the children, namely: the creation of a situation of psychological unity in the classroom; ensuring that each student expresses himself / herself; choosing a specific communication path for each methodological approach; secretly directing student initiatives, and so on. In doing so, the teacher finds a way to penetrate the heart of each student through his didactic methods, organizational forms. The student activities in the classroom are guided not only by the teachers but also by the students. First the excellent student, then the other students also say what they did according to the teacher’s assignment and follow the rest of the students. Such “explanatory management” should begin the day a student steps on the school’s doorstep. All these are didactic findings, pedagogical discoveries, in a word, new pedagogical technologies.
Pedagogical technology, in what way and in what ways are students taught, the result will be effective ? he answers. It has its own specific system, in which the sequence, interdependence, integrity of the components is maintained.
The manageability of pedagogical technology is that it has the ability to plan, diagnose, summarize, correct, and modify the educational process. This achieves the expected result of education, saves time, which means the effectiveness of pedagogical technology. The simplicity of pedagogical technology means that the developed model should be just as effective when used by other educators. In short, the effectiveness of education will reach a new level only if a new approach to the educational process is applied and creativity is introduced:

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  the child's needs, inclinations, desires are met at the level of his abilities;
  
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  the student's responsibility for academic work increases;
  
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  skills of independent acquisition of knowledge are formed;
  
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  an environment is created for the individual to find his or her place in society more quickly.
  

To do this, we need to move from encouraging the reader to “you need to know this” to instilling an inner confidence and aspiration that “I need it and I am able to know it and apply it to life”.¹
Advanced pedagogical technology is a period-specific, more educational-oriented learning process that ensures that learning objectives are achieved using activating methods and modern teaching aids. We would like to focus on teaching methods, which are one of the elements of the educational process. First of all, let's define the word "method". Method is derived from the Greek word "Metodos", meaning a way of research or knowledge, a theory, a doctrine, which is subject to the solution of a specific task, the operation of practical or theoretical assimilation of an entity, or the absence of is the sum of A method is a set of regulated ways in which a learner and educator organize a goal-oriented, collaborative activity.¹
Man receives the first information about reality through the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. The information received through the senses must be integrated into a specific system in the brain according to certain characteristics, that is, the information must be perceived. This process, which serves to ensure the continuity of information continuity, consists of storing them in memory and recalling them when necessary. The more sensory organs involved in the reception of information, the easier it is to perceive, assimilate and store in memory. On the other hand, some sensory organs are more developed than others, and some are less developed.
Therefore, the formation of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the educational process, ensuring that learning materials are received and perceived in different forms, through different sensory organs - is an important factor in increasing the effectiveness of education. There are more than 100 methods of pedagogical technologies used in the educational process around the world. Accordingly, whether teaching is conducted in traditional or interactive forms, 11 methods of teaching are tested during the lesson: lecture, four-step, mental attack, small group work, role play It is important to use techniques such as business games, roundtables, problem situations, debates, projects, reference text, and apply them in place. It is known that the information in the report is received only by hearing. Experiments show that it is possible to keep the listener's attention for 20 minutes during a speech. Even then, it can be observed that at the end of this period, attention is greatly diminished. Accordingly, the level of mastery of the training material is also very low, only 5-10%.
When learning material is visualized and transmitted using a variety of visual images, it is perceived by both the auditory and visual organs. Delivering the learning material to the learners based on the principles of demonstration will help them to attract their attention and therefore it will be easier and more effective to understand and master this material. In the acquisition of not only practical skills, but also theoretical knowledge, the study of educational material independently or in groups, the learner can search for information, conduct experiments, do something on their own. performance leads to the simultaneous functioning of all sensory organs, and in this case the mastery is high.
A simple rule of thumb is to impart new knowledge in the first 20 minutes of a theoretical lesson, followed by discussion , small group work, and other similar interactive methods to strengthen learners ’knowledge.
In any case, during the theoretical lesson, for example, the time for reading the lecture alone should not exceed about 20 minutes. Because the first 20 minutes of learning are the most effective, and after 20 minutes the motivation to continue learning quickly begins to decline.¹