I bob. Oqava va chiqindi suvlarni tozalash jarayonining nazorat qilish va avtomatikasining hozorgi holati

1. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD):
BOD measures the amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to biologically degrade the organic matter in wastewater over a specific period (usually 5 days at 20°C, referred to as BOD5). The following steps are involved:
a. Sample Collection:

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  Collect a representative wastewater sample from the WWTP influent or effluent. The sample should be stored in a dark bottle to prevent exposure to light.
  

b. Sample Preparation:

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  Filter the sample to remove particulate matter and debris that could interfere with the test.
  

c. BOD Test Setup:

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  Prepare a series of BOD bottles filled with known volumes of the filtered wastewater sample.
  
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  Add a nutrient solution to the bottles to support microbial growth.
  
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  Measure the initial dissolved oxygen concentration in each bottle.
  

d. Incubation:

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  Seal the BOD bottles and place them in a temperature-controlled incubator set at 20°C for 5 days.
  

e. Final DO Measurement:

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  After 5 days, measure the final dissolved oxygen concentration in each bottle.
  

f. Calculation:

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  Calculate BOD5 using the formula: BOD5 (mg/L) = [(Initial DO - Final DO) x Dilution Factor] / Sample Volume
  

2. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD):
COD measures the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize both organic and inorganic compounds in wastewater. The process involves strong chemical oxidants. Here's how to measure COD:
a. Sample Collection:

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  Collect a representative wastewater sample from the WWTP influent or effluent.
  

b. Sample Digestion:

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  Add a known volume of the wastewater sample to a COD digestion vial.
  
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  Add a strong oxidizing agent (typically potassium dichromate) and a catalyst (usually silver sulfate) to the vial.