I. Edgar Allan Poe as a Short Story Writer
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thesis
Literary Messenger. There he made a name as a critical reviewer.
It wasn't until the 1845 publication of Poe's famous poem "The Raven" that he achieved the true rise to fame that had been denied him until then. The public's reaction to the poem brought Poe to a new level of recognition and could be compared to that of some uproariously successful hit song today. Drinking was in fact to be the bane of his life. To talk well in a large company he needed a slight stimulant and, although he rarely succumbed to intoxication, he was often seen in public when he did. This gave rise to the conjecture that Poe was a drug addict, but according to medical testimony he had a brain lesion. Jacob Rama Berman brackets Poe along with other literary luminaries of America as: Along with Mark Twain and Ernest Hemingway, Poe ranks among the foremost literary stars in the firmament of popular American culture. A century and half after his death, Poe is instantly identifiable, stands without rival, and remains immensely enjoyable. In his normal frame of mind, Poe would have been deeply amused by the widespread adulation and fame he has enjoyed in posterity. (133) While in New York City in 1838 he published a long prose narrative, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, combining much factual material with the wildest fancies. It is considered one inspiration of Herman Melville's Moby Dick. In 1848 he published the lecture “Eureka,” a transcendental explanation of the universe, which has been hailed as a masterpiece by some critics and as nonsense by others. Poe's work owes much to the concern of Romanticism with the occult and the satanic. It owes much to his own feverish dreams, to which he applied a rare faculty 4 of shaping plausible fabrics out of impalpable materials. With an air of objectivity and spontaneity, his productions are closely dependent on his own powers of imagination and an elaborate technique. His keen and sound judgment as an appraiser of contemporary literature, his idealism and musical gift as a poet, his dramatic art as a storyteller, considerably appreciated in his lifetime, secured Poe a prominent place among universally known men of letters. The outstanding fact in Poe's character is a strange duality. The wide divergence of contemporary judgments on the man seems almost to point to the coexistence of two persons in him. With those he loved he was gentle and devoted. Others, who were the butt of his sharp criticism, found him irritable and self- centered and went so far as to accuse him of lack of principle. Much of Poe's best work is concerned with terror and sadness, but in ordinary circumstances the poet was a pleasant companion. He talked brilliantly, chiefly of literature, and read his own poetry and that of others in a voice of surpassing beauty. He admired Shakespeare and Alexander Pope. He had a sense of humor, apologizing to a visitor for not keeping a pet raven. If the mind of Poe is considered, the duality is still more striking. On one side, he was an idealist and a visionary. His yearning for the ideal was both of the heart and of the imagination. In his study of the confident man in American literature, Richard Benton offers his views of reader response to Poe‟s short stories as: Poe‟s characters hasten to assure themselves that it‟s only a gaseous exhalation or a fan behind the curtains, that the fiction is hackneyed, that it is only a masquerade, only a formula, only a joke, that in whatever way, the phenomenon is bounded, improbable, isolated from actual significance. And in assuring themselves, they also assure the 5 reader that there is little reason to believe what they say. (534) His sensitivity to the beauty and sweetness of women inspired his most touching lyrics “To Helen,” “Annabel Lee,” “Eulalie,” “To One in Paradise” and the full-toned prose hymns to beauty and love in “Ligeia” and “Eleonora.” In “Israfel” his imagination carried him away from the material world into a dreamland. This Pythian mood was especially characteristic of the later years of his life. More generally, in such verses as “The Valley of Unrest,” “Lenore,” “The Raven,” “For Annie,” and “Ulalume” and in his prose tales, his familiar mode of evasion from the universe of common experience was through eerie thoughts, impulses, or fears. From these materials he drew the startling effects of his tales of death, “The Fall of the House of Usher,” “The Masque of the Red Death,” “The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar,” “The Premature Burial,” “The Oval Portrait,” “Shadow”. His tales of wickedness and crime “Berenice,” “The Black Cat,” “William Wilson,” “The Imp of the Perverse,” “The Cask of Amontillado,” “The Tell-Tale Heart”, his tales of survival after dissolution “Ligeia,” “Morella,” “Metzengerstein”, and his tales of fatality “The Assignation,” “The Man of the Crowd”. Crediting Poe with the detective story genre, Benjamin F. Fisher writes that: As for Poe's criticism of fiction and verse, there is an intersection with the often-overlooked depth of his work. Poe developed a theory of composition that he applied to both his short stories and his poems. He is duly credited with creating the detective story genre and with transforming the Gothic mystery tale of the Romantic Period into the modern horror or murder stories centered in the outlying regions of human mind and experience. (22) 6 Even when he does not hurl his characters into the clutch of mysterious forces or onto the untrodden paths of the beyond, he uses the anguish of imminent death as the means of causing the nerves to quiver, “The Pit and the Pendulum”, and his grotesque invention deals with corpses and decay in an uncanny play with the aftermath of death. As in life, Poe dealt with demons even in his death. On the 3rd of October, 1849 Poe was discovered on the streets of Baltimore in a very delirious condition. He was taken to the Washington College Hospital, where his condition worsened even more. He was not coherent enough to elaborate on how he came to be found in that Download 276.55 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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