I. Introduction II. Main part: The philosophy of positivism

Conclusions
There is no clear idea in science as to when realism first appeared. Many researchers trace the roots of realism back to very ancient times. They also observe elements of realism in primitive man’s rock paintings and examples of ancient literature. However, the formation of realism as an artistic system is associated with the Renaissance. It is at this time that attention is paid to man, his heart, his experiences, his natural feelings are exaggerated, and his experiences are given a poetic spirit. Shakespeare can be seen to have a peculiar expression of realism in the works of Cervantes.The second stage in the development of realism corresponds to the Enlightenment period. In the XVIII century the English realist novel appeared (D. Defoe founded this genre with the novel "Robinson Crusoe").However, the novel The Old Man and the Sea, which saw the light of day in 1952, dispelled the mistrust of the author's work and the idea that his talent was fading. The sad link about the old, unlucky fisherman has been praised by story critics and the general readership. Hemingway's fame spread throughout the world, and in 1953 he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for this work. In 1954, Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for his writing skills, once again demonstrated in his novel The Old Man and the Sea, as well as for his influence on modern prose.At the award ceremony, Anders Esterling, a member of the Swedish Academy, described Hemingway as "one of the most important writers of our time."
Hemingway will not be able to attend the Nobel Prize presentation due to deteriorating health In 1960, the writer was treated at the Mayo Hospital in Rocheistei, where he was diagnosed with mental illness, depression. Upon his discharge from the hospital, Hemingway realized he could no longer be creative and committed suicide on June 2, 1961.

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