I m p e r I a L g a z e t t ee r o f I n d I a vol. X i I i
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- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- The principal rivers are the G odavari and the K istna , with their tributaries the T
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H ooghly . Hugri.—River in Mysore and Madras. See H a g a r i . Hukeri.—Village in the Chikodi tdluka of Belgaum District, Bom bay, situated in 16 0 13' N. and 74 0 36' E., 30 miles north-north-east of Belgaum town. Population (1901), 6,265. Hukeri is connected with the high road to Poona and with the large town of Gokak by metalled roads. It is a mahalkari's station. On the outside of the village, to the north, are some interesting Muhammadan remains of the sixteenth century, including two domed tombs in the same style as those at Bijapur. One of the tombs is kept in repair and furnished for the use of the Collector, or as a resthouse for travellers. A few miles to the east is another large tomb of the same architecture. The place is abundantly supplied with good water by means of an underground
HUMCHA pipe connected with a spring to the north-west. This system of water- supply dates from the period of Muhammadan rule. A municipality was established in 1854, but abolished in 1864. The town, which has suffered severely from plague, contains a boys’ school with no pupils and a girls’ school with 46. In 1327 Muhammad bin Tughlak stationed officers here 011 his conquest of the Carnatic. On the Mughal de struction of Bijapur in 1686 Hukeri was the only part of Belgaum that remained to the Marathas, and it continued to be held by an inde pendent Desai, the ancestor of the present Vantamurikar. In 1763 Madhu Rao Peshwa reduced the Hukeri Desai and handed his district to the Kolhapur chief, who was deprived of it in 1769. In 1791 Captain Moor found Hukeri a poor town. Huli.—Village in the Parasgad tdluka of Belgaum District, Bombay, situated in 15 0 48' N. and 75 0 12' E., about 5 miles east of Saundatti. Population (1901), 2,104. The chief object of interest is a handsome but ruined temple of Panchlingdeo, originally a Jain basti. Inside are a Lingayat inscription, a curious Naga figure, and a Ganpati, probably brought from some other temple. Of three inscriptions at Huli, two belong to the reigns of the Western Chalukya kings, Vikramaditya V (1018-42) and Somesvara II (1069-75), and one to the Kalachuri Bijjala (1155-67). On the fall of Vijayanagar after the battle of Talikota (1565), Huli with various other places in Belgaum fell to the Navalgund chief Vitta Gauda. In 1674 Huli fort is said to have been built by Sivaji, and it is one of many recorded to have been held by him at the time of his death. While in pursuit of Dhundia Vagh, General Wellesley gave the garrison of Huli on July 30, 1800, a promise of safety on condition that they committed no aggression. On August r they plundered the baggage of a British force as it passed the fort on the march to Saundatti, and on the 22nd Lieutenant-Colonel Capper attacked the fort and carried it by escalade. The village contains a boys’ school with 82 pupils.
Mysore, situated in 13 0 35' N. and 76° 32' E., 14 miles from Chik nayakanhalli. Population (1901), 1,228. Chalukya inscriptions and other remains indicate that the place may have been of importance in early times. In the sixteenth century it was held by the chiefs of Hagalvadi. It was next included in the Mughal province of Sira, till subdued by Haidar All. The municipality dates from 1880. The receipts and expenditure during the ten years ending T901 averaged Rs. 700. In 1903 -4 they were Rs. 900 and Rs. r,2oo, respectively.
situated in 13 0 52' N. and 75 0 12' E., T2 miles east of Nagar town. The original name was Pomburchchha, also called Patti I’omburchchha, which at a later period became Hombucha. It was the capital of 2 2 4 IIUMCHA a Jain principality founded in the eighth century by Jinadatta Raya, who is said to have come from Muttra in Northern India. He was invested with sovereignty by the goddess Padmavati, whose image he had brought with him. By her direction he touched with it his horse’s bit, which was at once converted into a golden bit, and she conferred on him the power thus to transmute iron into gold. A descendant of his acquired the Santalige country (the TTrthahalli taluk), and the rulers thenceforward took the name of Santara. Around the village are extensive ruins, including those of large Jain temples. The Humcha math is one of the chief seats of the Jains in Mysore, but is now reduced to a very impoverished state. Hungund Taluka.—South-eastern taluka of Bijapur District, Bombay, lying between 15° 51' and 16 0 r6' N. and 75 0 50' and 76° 20' E., with an area of 521 square miles. It contains one town,
(population, 9,019) ; and 160 villages, including A mingarh
(7,734) and H ungund (4,775), the head-quarters. The population in 1901 was 83,615, compared with 102,894 in 1891, the decrease being attributable to emigration consequent upon famine. The density, 160 persons per square mile, is however above the District average. The demand for land revenue in 1903-4 was 1-56 lakhs, and for cesses Rs. 12,000. Except in the south-west, the soil is mostly black and very rich. During the hot months the heat is very oppressive, but during the rest of the year the climate is one of the best in the District. Hungund has a good water-supply, chiefly from the Kistna, Malprabha, and several streams. The annual rainfall averages nearly 22 inches. Hungund Village. —Head-quarters of the tdluka of the same name in Bijapur District, Bombay, situated in 16 0 4' N. and 76° 4' E., about 29 miles from Bagalkot station on the Southern Mahratta Railway. Population (1901), 4 , 7 7 5 . Most of the wells in the place are im pregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen. Hungund contains several interesting temples, and two schools, of which one is for girls, with 253 and 57 pupils respectively. Hunsur Taluk.—Western taluk of Mysore District, Mysore State, lying between 12 0 8' and 12 0 35' N. and 75 0 55' and 76° 31' E., with an area of 660 square miles. The popuktion in 1901 was 115,928, compared with 113,271 in 1891. The taluk contains two towns, H unsur (population, 6,673), head-quarters, and
(3,872); and 412 villages. The land revenue demand in 1903-4 was Rs. 1,57,000. The Cauvery forms part of the western boundary. The LakshmantTrtha runs through the south and east, and is crossed by several dams, from which channels are taken off. The principal hill is that of B ettadpur (4,389 feet). Westwards are low ranges, from which commences the great forest belt of the south-west of the District. The surface is very undulating. The north, centre, and east are open, HUNZ.A-XA GAR with scrub jungle in places, and wild date-palms in the hollows. Much of the soil is rich red, with black soil in the north. Two ‘dry crops’ are raised in the year, especially in the south-west. Superior tobacco is grown near Bettadpur. Grazing is exceptionally good.
Mysore District, Mysore State, situated in 12 0 18' N. and 76° 18' E., on the Lakshmantirtha, 28 miles west of Mysore city. Population (1901), 6,673. ^' s the
seat °i" th e Amrit Mahal cattle-breeding establishment, and till 1864 had a large tannery, blanket manufactory, and timber- yard, maintained by the Madras Commissariat. There are now extensive private coffee-pulping works and saw-mills, under European management. The municipality dates from 1872. The receipts and expenditure during the ten years ending 1901 averaged Rs. 6,000. In 1903-4 they were Rs. 5,400 and Rs. 8,700, respectively. Hunza-Nagar.—Two small chiefships lying to the extreme north west of Kashmir, on the banks of the Hunza river. Towards the north they extend into the mountainous region which adjoins the junction of the Hindu Kush and Muztagh ranges; in the south they border on Gilgit; 011 the west Hunza is separated from Ashkuman and Yasin by a range of mountains; while the Muztagh range divides Nagar from Baltistan on the east. The inhabitants of both chiefships come from the same stock and speak the same language, but are not usually on good terms with each other. In Hunza the people are Maulais or Ismailis, followers of the Aga Khan, while in Nagar they are ordinarily Shiahs. Lying between these States and Gilgit are Chaprot and Chalt fort with some attached villages, which were long a source of contention between the rival chiefs. In 1877 the ruler of Nagar, with the assistance of the Kashmir Darbar, successfully occupied the disputed tract; but in 1886 he was persuaded to withdraw his troops, which were replaced by a garrison from Kashmir. In the same year Ghazan Khan, the Tbam or chief of Hunza, was murdered by his son Safdar All, who succeeded him and professed submission to the Maharaja of Kashmir. The two chiefs combined in 1888, and ejected the Kashmir troops from Chaprot and Chalt, even threatening Gilgit ; but both strongholds were reoccupied by the Kashmir forces after a few months. A British Agency was re-established at Gilgit in 1889; and the chiefs agreed to respect the control of the Agent, to allow free passage through their territory, and to stop raiding on the Yarkand road and elsewhere, yearly subsidies being granted to them, besides the amount paid by the Kashmir State. These engagements were not respected ; and in May, 1891, a combined force from Hunza and Nagar threatened Chalt, but dispersed on the arrival of reinforcements. Later in the VOL. XIII.
IIUNZA-KAGAR year they refused to allow roads to be made to Chalt, extending to their own country, and it became necessary to dispatch troops against them. Nagar and Hunza were occupied, and the Tham of the former place submitted, while Safdar All, the Tham of Hunza, fled to Chinese Turkistan. The subsidies were withdrawn, and a Political officer and military force remained at Hunza till 1897; but in 1892 Muhammad Nazim Khan was installed as Tham in place of his half-brother Safdar All, while the Tham of Nagar was reinstated. In 1895 subsidies were again granted by the Government of India and the Kashmir State, and in the same year both chiefs assisted in the relief of Chitral. Zafar Zahid Khan, Tham of Nagar, died in 1904 and was succeeded by his son Sikandar Khan. The chief of Hunza, who claims Roskam and the Taghdumbash Pamir north of the Hindu Kush watershed, is permitted to exchange presents with the Chinese authorities in Kashgar, but these relations are under consideration. Both States are autonomous as regards internal affairs, and acknowledge the suzerainty of the Maharaja of Kashmir, to whom they pay a tribute of nominal value. They furnish levies for the defence of the frontier, who receive pay from the Kashmir State, and are armed with Snider carbines, presented by the Government of India. Huzur Tahsil (1).—Head-quarters tahsil of the Rewah State, Central India, lying between 24 0 12' and 24 0 43' N. and 8i° 15'and 8i° 59' E., with an area of 1,201 square miles. The greater part lies in the alluvial plain north of the Kaimur Hills, a small section to the south of that range being in the hilly tract. It is watered by the Son and the Bihar, a tributary of the Tons, which meets the Bichia, another tributary, at the town of Rewah. Population fell from 328,932 in 1891 to 316,139 in 1901. The tahsll supports 263 persons per square mile, and is the most densely populated in the State. There are two towns, R ewah (population, 24,608), the capital, and G ovindgarii (5,022); and 975 villages. The soil is for the most part fertile, and cultivation is general. The land revenue is 2-9 lakhs.
Huzur Tahsll (2).—Head-quarters tahsll of the Rampur State, United Provinces, lying between 28° 30' and 28° 59' N. and 78° 55' and 79 0
/ E., with an area of 176 square miles. Population (1901), 178,333. There are 244 villages and one town,
(popu
lation, 78,758), the State capital and tahsil head-quarters. The demand for land revenue in 1903-4 was Rs. 4,85,000, and for cesses Rs. 58,000. The high density of population, 1,013 persons per square mile, is due to the inclusion of the city. This tahsil lies in the centre of the State and is very fertile. In 1903-4 the area under cultivation was 131 square miles, of which 8 were irrigated, chiefly from canals. HYDERABAD STATE 2 2 7
Hyderabad Assigned Districts. — See B erar . Hyderabad State 1 .—A Native State better known as the Domi nions of His Highness the Nizam, lying between 15 0 io' and 20° 40' N. and 74 0 40' and 8i° 35' E., with an _ area of 82,608 square miles. It forms a polygonal Physical . \ ,
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aspects, tract occupying almost the centre of the Deccan plateau. Berar and the Central Provinces touch it on the north, and the Khandesh District of the Bombay Presidency on the north-west; on the south it is bounded by the Kistna and Tungabhadra rivers, which separate it from the Guntur, Kurnool, and Bellary Districts of Madras; on the west it is bounded by the Ahmadnagar, Sholapur, Bijapur, and Dharwar Districts of Bombay; and on the east by the Wardha and Godavari rivers, and the Kistna District of Madras. The State is equal in area to the Madras Presidency, minus the Coromandel Coast and Coimbatore, or a little more than two and a half times the area of Ireland, or one and two-fifths of the combined areas of England and Wales. The country is an extensive plateau, with an average elevation of about 1,250 feet above the level of the sea, but with summits here and there rising to 2,500 and even to 3,500 feet. It is divided into two large and nearly equal divisions, geologically and ethnologically distinct, separated from each other by the rivers Manjra and Godavari. The portion to the north and west belongs to the trappean region, that to the south and cast being granitic and calcareous. There is a corresponding agreement between the two ethnological elements. The trappean region is inhabited by Marathas and Kanarese speakers, and the granitic country by Telugu speakers. The trappean or black cotton soil country is a land of wheat and cotton; while Telingana, or the granitic region, is a land of rice and tanks. The difference between these two tracts is very marked. The trap or black cotton soil region is covered with luxuriant vegetation, with cliffs, crags, and undulating hills. The soil resulting from the decomposition of trap is of a dark colour, and very fertile; and, being argillaceous, it retains moisture for a considerable time. In the granitic and calcareous region, on the other hand, the hills are bare of vegetation, but the plains are covered with scattered brushwood of every description; dome-shaped hills and wild fantastic boulders and tors abound in many parts, giving the region a gloomy aspect. The soil derived from the decomposition of the granite is sandy, and does not retain moisture. Consequently the rivers in this region run dry during the hot season, 1 In 1905 the administrative units of the State, from Divisions to taluks, were com pletely reconstituted. The text
generally refers
lo their
constitution before
the rearrangement, but the main changes are explained in the paragraph 011 Adminis tration and in the individual articles. Q 2 2 2 8 HYDERABAD STATE and this gives rise to the necessity of storing water in artificial reservoirs, known as tanks, with which the whole of the Telingana tract is studded. The surface of the country has a general slope from north-west to south-east, the main drainage being in this direction ; the country to the extreme north-west corner near Aurangabad has an average altitude of about 2,000 feet above sea-level, falling imper ceptibly to near 1,200 feet at Raichur and to between 800 and 900 feet near Kurnool. The following are the chief hill and mountain ranges in the State. The Balaghat (/’did = ‘ upper,’ ghat = a ‘mountain pass’) is a range of hills which extends almost east and west from the Biloli taluk in the east of Nander District, through Parbhani, till it reaches Ashti, in Bhir District, with a length in Hyderabad of 200 miles and an average width of about 4\ miles. A spur of this range branches off through tracts lying between the rivers Sina, Manjra, and Kagna, extending from Ashti in Bhir District through Osmanabad, and terminating in Gulbarga District. A spur of the Balaghat runs between the rivers Godavari and Manjra, and passing southwards from the west of Biloli in Nander District reaches Kaulas in Indur District. The Sahyadriparvat runs along the north, from Nirmal in Indur District in the east, and passing through the District of Parbhani and the province of Berar reaches Ajanta, and proceeding farther in a westerly direction enters the Bombay District of Khandesh. Its total length within the State is about 250 miles, for about 100 miles of which it is styled the Aj[anta Hills. Another range, known as the Jalna Hills, starts from the Daulatabad fort in Aurangabad District, and proceeds eastward as far as Jalna in the same District, and thence passes into Berar, having a length of r20 miles. The Kandikal Gutta, 50 miles in length, extends from Warangal District in a north-westerly direction through the Chinnur taluk of Adilabad District. It is also called the Sirnapalli range.
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