I m p e r I a L g a z e t t ee r o f I n d I a vol. X i I i
Download 5.53 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- H a n g u
- Hansi Tahsil.
- Hansi Town.
- T o w n s h i p .
H a n g a l
(population, 6,853), the head-quarters ; and 156 villages. The popula tion in 1901 was 77,784, compared with 74,506 in 1891. The density, 2 59 persons per square mile, slightly exceeds the District average. The demand for land revenue in 1903-4 was nearly 2 lakhs, and tor cesses Rs. 15,000. The country is covered with small hills overgrown with vegetation. The climate is temperate and healthy. There are numerous irrigation tanks. Hangal Town.—Head quarters of the taluka of the same name in Dharwar District, Bombay, situated in 14 0 46' N. and 75 0 8' E., about 50 miles south of Dharwar town. Population (1901), 6,853. I he most interesting temple is dedicated to Tarakeshwar. About 600 yards west of modern Hangal is a remarkable conical mound known as
24 HÄNGAL TOWN Kuntina Dibba, or ‘ Kunti’s hillock.’ Hangal, called Viratkot, Virat- naguri, and Panungal in inscriptions, is locally believed to be a place where the Pandavas lived during part of their exile from Delhi. Until conquered by the Hoysala king Ballal 11 about 1200, Hangal was governed by Jhe dynasty of the Kadambas as vassals of the Western Chalukyas. The town contains a dispensary and three schools, of which one is for girls. Hangu Tahsil (or Miranzai).—Western tahsil of Kohat District, North-West Frontier Province, lying between 33 0 19' and 33 0 36' N. and 70° 30'and 71° 13'E., with an area of 546 square miles. It consists of the Mlranzai valley, inhabited by a tribe of Bangash Pathans, and is divided into the tappas of Upper and Lower Miranzai. Lower Mlranzai slopes east towards Kohat, the valley being bounded on the north by the Samana range which separates it from Orakzai Tirah, and on the south by the low hills of the District, of which Mir Khweli (4,500 feet) is the highest. Upper Miranzai slopes west towards the Kurram. On the north are the hills of the All Khel Orakzai, the Mamuzai, and the Zaimukhts, and on the south the Khattak hills. Both valleys are watered by perennial streams and are fertile, while the hills provide excellent grazing for sheep and goats. Upper or Western Miranzai was annexed in 1851, but British administration was not established till 1855. The population of the whole tahsil in 1901 was 43,901, compared with 39,704 in 1891. It contains 43 villages, including H a n g u , the
head-quarters. The land revenue and cesses in 1903-4 amounted t) Rs. 36,000. Hangu Village.—Head-quarters of the tahsil of the same name in Kohat District, North-West Frontier Province, situated in 33 0 32' N. and 71 0 5' E. The officer in charge of the Thai subdivision has his head quarters here. The site is a very old one, and is mentioned by the emperor Babar in his memoirs. The Khushalgarh-Kohat-Thal branch of the North-Western Railway has a station at Hangu, 26 miles from Kohat. The garrison consists of a detachment of Native cavalry, the head-quarters of the Samana Rifles, and (in winter) two guns of a mountain battery. The village contains a Government dispensary and a vernacular middle school maintained by the District board.
28° 51' and 29 0 27' N. and 75 0 48' and 76° 20' E., with an area of 799 square miles. The population in 1901 was 178,933, compared with 165,689 in 1891. It contains the town of H a n s i (population, 16,523), the head-quarters; and 132 villages. The land revenue and cesses in 1903-4 amounted to 2 lakhs. The whole of the tahs'il lies within the tract known as Hariana. The northern part is irrigated by the Western Jumna Canal, and is comparatively well wooded. South of the canal the country is featureless, but fertile enough in a year of good rainfall.
J/AXSOT Hansi Town.—FI ead-quarters of the tahs'il of the same name in Hissar District, Punjab, situated in 29° 7' X. and 75 0 58' E., on the Rewari-Bhatinda branch of the Rajputana-Malwa Railway, 15 miles from Hissar. Population (1901), 16,523. This is one of the most ancient towns in Northern India, and appears to have been a stronghold of the Kushans, though local tradition attributes its foundation to Anang Pal, the Tomar king of Delhi. According to the authorities quoted in Tod’s
about
a . l > . i o o o . Masud, son of Mahmud of Ghazni, took it, after one failure, in 1036, but, according to Firishta, it was recovered by the Delhi Raja in 1043. Prithwi Raj made considerable additions to the fort at Hansi, converting it into an important military stronghold. It fell into the hands of Muhammad of Ghor in 1192, and was, until the foundation of Hissar, the administrative head-quarters of the neighbour hood. Hansi was depopulated by the famine of 1783, and lay deserted until 1798, when the famous adventurer George Thomas, who had seized upon the greater part of Hariana, fixed his head-quarters here. Thenceforth the town began to revive, and on the establishment of British rule in 1803 it was made a cantonment, where a considerable force, consisting chiefly of local levies, was stationed. In 1857 the troops mutinied, murdered all Europeans upon whom they could lay hands, and combined with the wild Rajput tribes in plundering the country. On the restoration of order, the cantonment was given up. A high brick wall, with bastions and loopholes, surrounds the town, while the canal, which flows at its feet, contributes to its beauty by a fringe of handsome trees. Since the Mutiny, however, the houses have fallen into decay and the streets lie comparatively deserted, owing to the removal of the troops. The ruins of the fort overlook the town on the north. It contains two mosques and the tomb of Saiyid X T iamat
Ullah, killed in resisting Muhammad of Ghor. The mosque and tombs of Kutb Jamal-ud-din and his successors are 011 the west of the town, with the tomb of All Mir Tijara. Near by is a mosque called the Shahid Ganj, situated probably on the scene of Masud’s first unsuccess ful attempt to take Hansi. The municipality was created in 1867. The income during the ten years ending 1902-3 averaged Rs. 18,500, and the expenditure Rs. 18,800. In 1903-4 the income and expenditure were Rs. 30,000 and Rs. 20,000 respectively, the chief source of income being octroi. The town has 6 cotton-ginning factories, 2 cotton-presses, and 2 com bined ginning and pressing factories, and is a local centre of the cotton trade. The number of factory hands in 1904 was 1,285. ^ possesses a vernacular middle school and a dispensary.
in
the Anklesvar taluka of
Broach District, Bombay, situated in 21° 35' N. and 72 0 48' E., 011 the left bank of the 2 6 HAN SOT
Narbada, about
15 miles
south-west of
Broach city.
Population (rgoi), 3,925. Hansot was formerly the head-quarters of a tdluka of the same name, acquired by the British in 1775, restored to the Peshwa in 1783, and again acquired in 1803. The municipality, established in 1889, had an average income of about Rs. 5,000 during the decade ending 1901. In 1903-4 its income was Rs. 4,377. The town contains a dispensary and four schools, three (including an English school) for boys and one for girls, attended respectively by 245 and 35 pupils. Hanthawaddy.—District in the
Pegu Division of Lower
Burma, lying between 16 0 19' and 17 0 47' N. and 95 0 45' and 96° 45' E., with an area of 3,023 square miles. It is bounded on the north by Tharrawaddy District; on the east by Pegu District; and on the west by Ma-ubin and Pyapon. The southern boundary stretches along the Gulf of Martaban between the mouths of the Sittang and the To, or China Bakir, rivers. In the centre and completely surrounded by it is the separate District of R a n g o o n C i t y , in which the District offices are situated. The Cocos and Preparis Islands in the Bay of Bengal form part of the District. Hanthawaddy is a vast deltaic plain stretching up from the sea, broken only by spurs of the Pegu Yoma, which separates the northern . portion of the District from Pegu. The spurs con- aspects 1
tinue as
undulating ground
through the
Insein subdivision, and rise slightly near Rangoon, where the summit of a small hill has been levelled to form the platform of the Shwedagon pagoda. The range appears again on the opposite side of the Pegu river at Syriam, and is finally lost in the rocks in the Hmawwun stream just opposite the village of Kyauktan. A similar ridge of high land runs from Twante to Kungyangon in the west of the District. The highest point in the Yoma has an altitude of 2,000 feet. Here the hills are clothed with fine evergreen forests, and the scenery is bold and interesting. Farther .south the high land is covered with fruit gardens and, near Rangoon, is being much sought after for house sites. Excluding this portion of the District, the scenery is tame and monotonous, consisting of rice cultivation and swamp relieved by scrub jungle, and along the sea-coast and the numerous water-ways by mangrove and inferior forest growth interspersed with dani planta tions. The coast-line is low, and at the ebb shows large dismal stretches of mud. The main stream is the Hlaing (known farther north as the Myitmaka), which enters the District at its northern end and runs southwards through its entire length. The Hlaing, which is navigable by native craft through the whole of its course within the limits of the District, is joined in the neighbourhood of Rangoon by the Pegu river IIANTI 1A Ji'ADD V 2 7
and the Pazundaung stream from the north-east and north, and thence flows southwards under the name of the Rangoon river into the Gulf of Martaban. The District is further intersected by numerous tidal creeks, all navigable by country boats and many by river steamers. The most important of these are the Thatkutpin or Bassein creek, which connects the Rangoon river with the To, and thus with the main stream of the Irrawaddy ; the Panhlaing, which during the rains, when the water is high, takes the place of the Bassein creek as the most direct route to the Irrawaddy; the Bawle river, which divides Hantha- waddy from the adjoining District of Ma-ubin ; and the Hmawwun, which taps the rich rice-fields of the Kyauktan subdivision. The plains of the delta are composed of homogeneous post-Tertiary alluvium resting on a bed of water-worn gravel, which is often found at a depth of less than 250 feet and is a good water-bearing stratum. Along the skirts of the Pegu Yoma a broad bed of sandy deposit occurs; and laterite, which is largely used for road-metalling, is found in many of the lower hills, mixed with red alluvial clay. Occasionally partially rolled pieces of fossil wood are met with. The Yoma itself is formed of beds of the Pegu group, of miocene age. The coast-line is fringed with dense low mangrove jungle, covered regularly by
the tide,
and characterized specially by
species of
Bruguiera and
Rhizophora. Behind
these forests
and along
the borders of the tidal channels are the tidal forests, the most character istic trees of which are Sonneratia apetala and Avicennia tomentosa. These forests average 40 to 50 feet in height, and have a thick shrubby growth, similar to that of the mangrove forests. iVipa fruticans and
common. Creepers and climbers abound, including Acanthus volubilis, Flagellaria indica, Is:c. Behind this zone are either open evergreen tropical or low deciduous forests. Among the former are found Parashorea ste/lata, I’entace barmannica, Albizzia lucida, Lagerstroemia tomentosa, and Dillenia parviflora, and many varieties of shrubs and climbers. The low deciduous forests contain Dillenia pulcherrima, Shorea leucobotrya, Pentacme siamensis, Mela nor rhoea usitata, Xylia dolabrifonnis, Lagerstroemia macrocarpa, Albizzia lucida, and St rye linos Nux-vomica. The undergrowth is usually composed of scanty andro- pogonous grasses. The savannah forests are distinguished by the great growth of elephant-grasses, among which the trees grow up apart from one another; they include Butea frondosa, Ficus Jistulosa, Terminalia crenata, Dalbergia cult rata, Dalbergia purpurea, Lagerstroemia Flos Reginae, and Strychnos Nux-vomica. In the Yoma, elephants, bison, tsine or hsaing (Bos sondaicus), and various kinds of deer are common ; rhinoceros arc rare. There are indications that tigers and leopards are increasing in consequence 2 8 HAKTHA JVADD V of the disarmament of the country, and their frequent appearance near Rangoon and the railway has lately caused annoyance. The fish-eating monkey and the short-nosed crocodile are at times seen along the tidal creeks. The climate is moist and depressing, but on the whole not un healthy. From the middle of March until the rains break in May the heat is excessive; and at the end of the rains, in September and October, the nights are oppressive, and the days often muggy and trying. December and January are cool and pleasant, the average minimum being about 6o°. The southern portion of the District is cooled by the sea-breeze, and the maximum temperature, which varies between 83° and 95 0 , increases in the north towards the drier zone of Tharrawaddy. The average annual rainfall at the recording stations is as follows : 94 inches at Insein, 98 inches at Rangoon, and 119 inches at Kyauktan. The rainv season lasts, as elsewhere, from May to October inclusive ; a spell of tw r o or three days’ rain in early spring is not uncommon, and is a source of great inconvenience to the cultivators, whose grain at this time is usually on the unprotected threshing-floors. The country to the west of the Hlaing river is subject to inundation, especially in the north of the District. There were floods disastrous to cultivation in 1877, which have recurred in a smaller degree 011 several occasions. Abnormally high spring-tides, when the wind is in the south, sometimes damage the rice-fields bordering the sea. The District is, however, safe from famine, as the water-supply, although poor in many places in the dry season, is seldom seriously deficient. The name Hanthawaddy is derived from han/ha or /¿infha (the Brahmani goose) and wadi, 1 ’ali for ‘river.’ Legend has it that ^ in the south of the District in prehistoric days only ' the
hill upon
which the
Shwedagon pagoda
now stands was above sea-level, and that it once afforded a resting-place for a Gautama, who, in a previous incarnation, had been caught in the shape of a hinlha in a storm in the neighbourhood of the eminence. In early historic days Hanthawaddy, like the rest of the country lying round the Gulf of Martaban, formed part of the kingdom of the Takings. Shortly after the close of the sixteenth century, when the Takings had for the time been subjugated by the Burmans, and when the Toungoo dynasty reigned in the old Taking capital of Pegu, Syriam, in Hanthawaddy District, was one of the earliest European trading stations in Burma. The only remains of this early settlement which now exist are the fragments of the old city walls and the ruins of the church built outside the old town of Syriam in 1750 by the Vicar Apostolic of Ava and Pegu. These are now preserved by Government. Ilanthawaddy passed, with the rest of the province
POPULA TIO A of Pegu, under British dominion at the close of the second Burmese War. It was separated from Rangoon and made into a separate District in 1879. In 1883 it was split up into two on the creation of Pegu District, and in 1895 its limits were enlarged by the addition of the Kyauktan subdivision. With the expansion of Rangoon, various alterations of the boundary between the city and Hanthawaddy have been rendered necessary. The last revision was made in 1903. There are several important pagodas. The Kyaikkauk pagoda is built on the low hills on the left bank of the Rangoon river 4 miles south of Syriam. It is said to have been erected to enshrine two hairs of Gautama; later, a bone of Gautama’s forehead and one of his teeth were presented to the shrine. The Kyaikkasan pagoda lies about 3 miles north-east of the Shwedagon in Rangoon, and is of the same period as that at Kyaikkauk. The Shwesandaw, near Twante, is the most sacred of the local Taking pagodas. It was built as a shrine for two of Gautama’s hairs, to which four more hairs were subsequently added. Other sacred edifices of importance are the Kyaukwaing pagoda, 2 miles east of Thamaing railway station; and the Kyaikkalo pagoda, 14 miles north of Rangoon. The population of the District at the last four enumerations was: (1872) 186,967, (18S1) 296,026, (1S91) 396,887, and (1901) 484,811. The distribution according to ‘ townships in 1901 is shown in the following table :— Up to 1891 the rate of increase, chiefly owing to immigration from India, averaged about too ,000 for each decade. During the last decade progress has been rather slower, but there has been a total gain of 22 per cent. Hanthawaddy has now more inhabitants than any District in the Province, and is one of the most thickly populated. Despite its density, it contains but one town (Insein) of over 5,000 inhabitants, and only five villages of o\er 2,000. The population
a td O Taikkyi
. S9S ...
470 73,2(13
Si + 52 20,385 Insein . . 482 1 47S | 103,984 216 + 21 31,047 Twante. . 369 ... 343 85,441
231 + 24 26,026 Kungyangon . 453 ... 263 71,017 157 + 12 23,447 Kyauktan . 4031...: 173 52,065 129
+ 33 iy,. 3 >oo Thabyegan . 314
1 ...
155 51,390,
164 { "
... Thnmrxvn IP i I *7 i . < 1 ' i - X
1 t
¿ TT Thongwa . 104 ... 1 74 ]
47 > 6 5 ‘ ' 'i
District total ' 3,023 1 '2,056 484,811 160 +22 ¡152,960 Download 5.53 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling