Ielts reading test 9
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IELTS READING TEST 9
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- 9. Stubbornness and inflexibility can cause problems when people
- 10. Why do many Americans and Europeans fail to spread their financial risks when investing
- Questions 11-13
- Reading Passage 2
Questions 7-10
Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D 7. People initially found Kahneman’s work unusual because he A saw mistakes as following predictable patterns. B was unaware of behavioural approaches. C dealt with irrational types of practice. D applied psychology to finance and economics https://ieltscuecard.trendinggyan.com/ Page 3 8. The writer mentions house-owners attitudes towards the value of their homes to illustrate that A past failures may destroy an optimistic attitude. B people tend to exaggerate their chances of success. C optimism may be justified in certain circumstances. D people are influenced by the success of others. 9. Stubbornness and inflexibility can cause problems when people A think their financial difficulties are just due to bad luck. B avoid seeking advice from experts and analysts. C refuse to invest in the early stages of a project. D are unwilling to give up unsuccessful activities or beliefs. 10. Why do many Americans and Europeans fail to spread their financial risks when investing? A They feel safer dealing in a context which is close to home. B They do not understand the benefits of diversification. C They are over-influenced by the successes of their relatives. D They do not have sufficient knowledge of one another’s countries. Questions 11-13 Answer the questions below, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. 11. Which two occupations may benefit from being over-optimistic? 12. Which practical skill are many people over-confident about? 13. Which type of business has a generally good attitude to dealing with uncertainty? Reading Passage 2 There has always been a sense in which America and Europe owned film. They invented it at the end of the nineteenth century in unfashionable places like New Jersey, Leeds and the suburbs of Lyons. At first, they saw their clumsy new camera-projectors merely as more profitable versions of Victorian lantern shows, mechanical curiosities which might have a use as a sideshow at a funfair. Then the best of the pioneers looked beyond the fairground properties of their invention. A few directors, now mostly forgotten, saw that the flickering new medium was more than just a diversion. This crass commercial invention gradually began to evolve as an art. D W Griffith in California glimpsed its grace, German directors used it as an analogue to the human mind and the modernising city, Soviets emphasised its agitational and intellectual properties, and the Italians reconfigured it on an operatic scale. So heady were these first decades of cinema that America and Europe can be forgiven for assuming that they were the only game in town. In less than twenty years western cinema had grown out of all recognition; its unknowns became the most famous people in the world; it made millions. It never occurred to its financial backers that another continent might borrow their magic box and make it its own. But film industries were emerging in Shanghai, Bombay and Tokyo, some of which would outgrow those in the west. Between 1930 and 1935, China produced more than 500 films, mostly conventionally made in studios in Shanghai, without soundtracks. China’s best directors – Bu Wancang and Yuan Muzhi – introduced elements of realism to their stories. The Peach Girl (1931) and Street Angel (1937) are regularly voted among the best ever made in the country. India followed a different course. In the west, the arrival of talkies gave birth to a new genre – the musical – but in India, every one of the 5000 films made between 1931 and the mid-1950s had musical interludes. The films were stylistically more wide ranging than the western musical, |
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