•
I used "by" with the past perfect (had risen)
to give the idea that the
increase had happened in the years leading up to 2007.
•
To avoid worrying about "by + past perfect" you could write: "Between 2002
and 2007, the average house price rose to..."
IELTS Writing Task 1: to, by, with, at
Several people have asked me to explain how to use
to,
by,
with and
at when
describing numbers. Here are some examples to give
you a basic idea of the
differences:
1) Use
to when describing what happened to the number:
In 2008, the rate of unemployment rose to 10%.
2) Use
by when describing the amount of change between two numbers:
In 2009, the rate of unemployment fell by 2% (from 10% to 8%).
3) Use
with to give the idea of 'having' the number:
Obama won the election with 52% of the vote.
4) Use
at to add the number on the end of a sentence:
Unemployment reached its highest level in 2008, at 10%.
IELTS Writing Task 1: paraphrasing
The easiest way to start your Task 1 essay is by paraphrasing the question.
Paraphrasing means writing something in a different way (using your own words).
Here are some simple changes you can make:
•
graph = line graph
•
chart = bar chart
•
diagram = figure
•
shows = illustrates (or 'compares' if the graph is comparing)
•
proportion = percentage
•
information = data
•
the number of = the figure for
•
the proportion of = the figure for
•
people in the USA = Americans
•
from 1999 to 2009 = between 1999 and 2009
•
from 1999 to 2009 = over a period of 10 years
•
how to produce = the process of producing
•
in three countries = in the UK, France and Spain (i.e. name the countries)
Tip:
"The figure for / figures for" is a great phrase that not many people use (e.g. the
graph shows figures for unemployment in three countries).
I'll change 3 elements of this sentence:
1. table shows = bar chart compares
2. figures for imprisonment = number of people in prison
3. between... and... = over a period of
So, here's my paraphrased introduction:
2