Ii chapter kurt vonnegut

What would I like to find out about him ?
Interesting Question ! (If he were alive…) , I would like to Know about his Daily life and interests, what he Does , How he speaks with his Fans, Whether he could cook or not, what he does with his Children and generally, with his family in Spare time an so on.
I would also be eager to listen from him about his writing career and discuss it - what’s his plan on writing novels , poems, stories for audience and what motivates him to write them.
In brief, Utkir Hoshimov is my childhood hero and I have always wanted to meet him. His books are quite special to me and helped me in developing imagination. Sometimes his Books inspire me to a great extent.
The way U. Hoshimov had influenced millions of children and adults all around the world is quite unmatched. ³


1.2 IMPORTANT DATES OF HIS LIFE AND WORK
People's Writer of Uzbekistan Utkir Hoshimov is a creator who has made a significant contribution to the literary and spiritual treasury of our independent Motherland. More than seventy books, published in nearly two and a half million copies in different languages ​​for almost fifty years, have made the writer a respected son of our people.
So far, the author's "Steel Rider" (1962), "Gunafsha" (1965), "What do people say…" (1966), "A drop of dew" (1970), "Spring does not return" (1970), "Den Motilka", (1971), “Listen to Your Heart” (1973), “Long Nights” (1975), “Something Happened” (1975), “Our Child of the Earth”, “There is Light, There is Shadow” (1977), “The Scales of the Sun” ( 1980), “I am selling a car” (1981), “World affairs” (1982), “Mint somsa” (1983), “White rainbow” (1984), “Mysterious star” (1985), “Between two doors” (1986) ), “Treasure”, “Two times two five” (1987), “Unknown island” (1990), “Suffering” (1991), “Inscriptions in the frame of the notebook” (2008) and other books were published.
He also translated into Uzbek the works of Stefan Sveig, E. Hemingway, K. Simonov, K. Paustovsky, J. London, O. Berggols, V. Shukshin, M. Karim and others. He is the author of such plays as "Spring in Khazan", "Someone's Anxiety (Human Loyalty)", "Happy Weddings", "Hanging on a High Hill", "Repression".
His first book was a collection of essays in 1962, Steel Rider. His first major works of prose were Desert Air, What People Say (1965), The Wind Blows (1966), and Listen to Your Heart (1973). "Spring Will Not Return" (1970) and "World Affairs" (1982) brought him fame.
The author's short stories "Love", "A Farmer's Day", "The Last Victim of the War", "The Uzbek Case" became an important event in Uzbek storytelling. In his first novel, There is Light, There Is Shadow (1976), the author raises acute social issues along with exciting spiritual and moral issues through the experiences of his contemporary journalist Sherzod. Between Two Doors (1986) and Life in a Dream (1994). ) in the novels O`. Hoshimov followed the path of analysis and interpretation of the fate of his contemporaries in connection with the most tragic events of the 20th century, the consequences of World War II and the criminal policies of the dictatorial regime.
O`. A number of Hoshimov's works have been screened. He is the author of dramas, comedies, and a number of screenplays, such as "The Spring of Hazon," "Human Loyalty" (1975), "The Medicine of Conscience," "Happy Weddings" (1979), and "Repression." The book "Inscriptions in the margins of the notebook" (2001) has left a certain mark on social and spiritual life. His works have been translated into many languages.
From 1995 to 2004 he was a deputy of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan of the 1st and 2nd convocations, chairman of the Press and Information Committee of the Oliy Majlis. In 1986 he was awarded the Hamza State Prize of Uzbekistan, in 1996 he was awarded the Order of Labor Glory, in 2001 he was awarded the Order of Merit.
The writer died on May 2013, 24 at the age of 72.
IMPORTANT DATES OF HIS LIFE AND WORK
August 1941, 5. He was born in Dombirabot district of Zangiota district of Tashkent region.
1958. He graduated from high school.
1964. He graduated from Tashkent State University, Faculty of Philology, Department of Journalism. He first studied part-time at the university, then full-time and worked in various newspaper editorial offices.
Work activities
1959–1960 y. - Courier in the newspaper "Railwayman"
1960–1960 y. - Courier in the newspaper "Red Uzbekistan"
1960–1962 y. - Translator in the newspaper "Transportny rabochiy"
1963–1963 y. - Literary worker of the newspaper "Kyzyl Uzbekistan"
1963–1966 y. - Literary worker of the newspaper "Tashkent Haqiqati"
1966–1982 y. - Head of the department of the newspaper "Tashkent evening"
1982–1985 y. - Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Gafur Ghulam Publishing House of Literature and Art
1985–1995 y. - Editor-in-Chief of Sharq Yulduzi magazine
1995–2000 y. - Chairman of the Press and Information Committee of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan of the first convocation
2000–2005y. - Chairman of the Press and Information Committee of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan of the second convocation
Since 2005 - Editor-in-Chief of the magazine "Theater"
Spring does not return. Qissa. G`. Gulom Publishing House of Literature and Art. It has been published more than ten times in different languages.
1973 yil
A group of artists and scientists led by Ozod Sharafiddinov - O`. Hoshimov, A. Rasulov, B. Kasimov traveled from Osh, Kyrgyzstan to Khorog, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan. Impressions of this trip, which passes through the steep mountain roads at an altitude of almost 5 meters above sea level, are described in the author's travelogues and works of art. In 1976 he was awarded the Youth Prize of Uzbekistan for his short stories "Spring does not return" and "Listen to your heart.
Human loyalty. Psychological telespect. Over the years, it has been shown on the "blue screen" about 20 times.
The affairs of the world. Qissa. G`. Gulom Publishing House of Literature and Art. It has been published more than ten times in various languages.
The article "White Notebook of the Heart" was published in the newspapers "Uzbekistan's Literature and Art", "Teachers' Newspaper", "Uchitel Uzbekistana". The Ministry of Education adopted a special resolution on the article on the protection and promotion of teachers, which was developed in all education departments, pedagogical institutes, research institutes, schools and took the necessary measures.
The silkworm brigade of Ganiabad farm of Uzbekistan district of Fergana region headed by Jafarali Paygamov On Hoshimov's behalf, he raised cocoons and donated the proceeds to the Peace Fund.
The affairs of the world. Telespektakl. Over the years, it has been shown on the "blue screen" about 30 times.
Mamatkul Egamov, a builder from Gallaorol district of Jizzakh region, dug an artesian well on the hill and created a "Mother's Garden" in honor of the work "World Affairs".
Musharraf Siddikova, a resident of the Kuva district of the Fergana region, adopted the writer as her adopted son.
1985–1989
Attacks on Uzbekistan have intensified in the central media. “Young
communist ”(Moscow) in the article“ Domestic Islam ”
There are 270 women in Uzbekistan who cannot stand "religious fanaticism" and male oppression
An article was published about his suicide. Published by USSR DOSAAF
I. Duxnovsky in the book "Club slujebnogo sobakavodstva."
Dogs use the names of about twenty Uzbek people as nicknames for dogs
recommended. O`. Hoshimov was only in Moscow at the time
Dukhnovsky responded with an article, "Friendship Begins Respect," which proved that 1275 people had committed suicide, and that his article was a "bomb" designed to "blow up" the brotherhood of nations. Problematic articles such as "State Secret", "Where is the logic?", "If there is no logic, we must stop", "The Kingdom of Fear" were published.
1986 yil
The show was canceled after the author failed to perform a "Debate" program on "Atheism" on behalf of the "Supreme Organization."
The Gdlyan and Ivanovs repressed in Uzbekistan. One of the KPSS leaders from the center held a meeting in Tashkent to prove that the Uzbek case was "correct." At the meeting, the editor-in-chief of "Sharq Yulduzi" magazine O. Hoshimov was also scheduled to speak in support of the party's "wise policy." The writer did not speak and asked permission to ask a question. He explained that he could not understand a single issue when his "permission was high." “The esteemed speaker (meaning the leader of the KPSS) made one point in his speeches. "In recent years, there has been a surge in over-writing, subsistence, and self-interest in Uzbekistan. Instead of cotton fiber in the central regions, air in wagons and diplomats on planes are full of bribes, so thousands of Uzbeks have been arrested and re-arrested," he said. Of course, bribery instead of cotton is a crime. But as an ordinary person, as an ordinary writer, I don’t understand one thing. Tell me, why did the people in the center remain silent when bribes were paid to the central regions instead of fiber in wagons and diplomats on planes? Why didn't he say we don't need air in the car, money in the diplomat, send the fiber itself? Does a hand that usually takes a bribe seem to be higher than a lake that gives a bribe? ”
Naturally, the question remained unanswered, and the magazine's editor-in-chief was
Between two doors. Roman. Ghafur Ghulam Publishing House of Literature and Art. It has been published about ten times in different languages.
He was awarded the State Prize of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the novel "Between Two Doors".
1987 yil
He donated the proceeds of the book "Treasure" published by "Uzbekistan" to the Fund for Saving the Aral Sea.
1990–1991
For the first time in history, Sharq Yulduzi magazine published an Uzbek translation of the Holy Qur'an. This good deed was led by the President of the
He spoke at the XXII Congress of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan. He said that in the mid-XNUMXs, a group of "law enforcement officers" who came from the Center with "unlimited rights" persecuted our country. Unfortunately, some leaders of the republic watched instead of protecting the people from slander, and the situation changed for the better after Islam Karimov became president.
1990. July. Moscow.
He spoke at the XXIII Congress of the CPSU. In his speech, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan, President Islam Karimov, noted from the rostrum that a group of "lawyers" named Gdlyan and Ivanov had turned Uzbekistan into a landfill and imprisoned thousands of innocent people. He revealed that Uzbek soldiers serving in the Soviet army (not only in Afghanistan but also within the country) were being insulted as "oppressors", "free-eaters", and "breadwinners" regardless of their ethnicity, and that several had been killed. He called for the removal of the insulting label "Uzbek affair" and for an end to the slander leveled at Uzbekistan in the central press⁴

II CHAPTER KURT VONNEGUT

2.1 HIS LITERATURE STYLE AND TECHNIQUE

In 1952, Vonnegut's first novel, Player Piano, was published by Scribner's. The novel has a post-Third World War setting, in which factory workers have been replaced by machines.^[43] Player Piano draws upon Vonnegut's experience as an employee at GE. He satirizes the drive to climb the corporate ladder, one that in Player Piano is rapidly disappearing as automation increases, putting even executives out of work. His central character, Paul Proteus, has an ambitious wife, a backstabbing assistant, and a feeling of empathy for the poor. Sent by his boss, Kroner, as a double agent among the poor (who have all the material goods they want, but little sense of purpose), he leads them in a machine-smashing, museum-burning revolution.^[44] Player Piano expresses Vonnegut's opposition to McCarthyism, something made clear when the Ghost Shirts, the revolutionary organization Paul penetrates and eventually leads, is referred to by one character as "fellow travelers".^[45]
In Player Piano, Vonnegut originates many of the techniques he would use in his later works. The comic, heavy-drinking Shah of Bratpuhr, an outsider to this dystopian corporate United States, is able to ask many questions that an insider would not think to ask, or would cause offense by doing so. For example, when taken to see the artificially intelligent supercomputer EPICAC, the Shah asks it "what are people for?" and receives no answer. Speaking for Vonnegut, he dismisses it as a "false god". This type of alien visitor would recur throughout Vonnegut's literature.^[44]
The New York Times writer and critic Granville Hicks gave Player Piano a positive review, favorably comparing it to Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. Hicks called Vonnegut a "sharp-eyed satirist". None of the reviewers considered the novel particularly important. Several editions were printed—one by Bantam with the title Utopia 14, and another by the Doubleday Science Fiction Book Club—whereby Vonnegut gained the repute of a science fiction writer, a genre held in disdain by writers at that time. He defended the genre and deplored a perceived sentiment that "no one can simultaneously be a respectable writer and understand how a refrigerator works".^[43]5
After Player Piano, Vonnegut continued to sell short stories to various magazines. Contracted to produce a second novel (which eventually became Cat's Cradle), he struggled to complete it, and the work languished for years. In 1954, the couple had a third child, Nanette. With a growing family and no financially successful novels yet, Vonnegut's short stories helped to sustain the family, though he frequently needed to find additional sources of income as well. In 1957, he and a partner opened a Saab automobile dealership on Cape Cod, but it went bankrupt by the end of the year.^[46]
In 1958, his sister, Alice, died of cancer two days after her husband, James Carmalt Adams, was killed in a train accident. The Vonneguts took in three of the Adams' young sons—James, Steven, and Kurt, aged 14, 11, and 9, respectively.^[47] A fourth Adams son, Peter (2), also stayed with the Vonneguts for about a year before being given to the care of a paternal relative in Georgia.^[48]
Grappling with family challenges, Vonnegut continued to write, publishing novels vastly dissimilar in terms of plot. The Sirens of Titan (1959) features a Martian invasion of Earth, as experienced by a bored billionaire Malachi Constant. He meets Winston Rumfoord, an aristocratic space traveler, who is virtually omniscient but stuck in a time warp that allows him to appear on Earth every 59 days. The billionaire learns that his actions and the events of all of history are determined by a race of robotic aliens from the planet Tralfamadore, who need a replacement part that can only be produced by an advanced civilization in order to repair their spaceship and return home—human history has been manipulated to produce it. Some human structures, such as the Kremlin, are coded signals from the aliens to their ship as to how long it may expect to wait for the repair to take place. Reviewers were uncertain what to think of the book, with one comparing it to Offenbach's opera The Tales of Hoffmann.^[49]
Rumfoord, who is based on Franklin D. Roosevelt, also physically resembles the former president. Rumfoord is described this way: he "put a cigarette in a long, bone cigarette holder, lighted it. He thrust out his jaw. The cigarette holder pointed straight up."^[50] William Rodney Allen, in his guide to Vonnegut's works, stated that Rumfoord foreshadowed the fictional political figures who would play major roles in God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater and Jailbird.^[51]
Mother Night, published in 1961, received little attention at the time of its publication. Howard W. Campbell Jr., Vonnegut's protagonist, is an American who is raised in Germany from age 11 and joins the Nazi party during the war as a double agent for the US Office of Strategic Services, rising to the regime's highest ranks as a radio propagandist. After the war, the spy agency refuses to clear his name, and he is eventually imprisoned by the Israelis in the same cell block as Adolf Eichmann and later commits suicide. Vonnegut wrote in a foreword to a later edition: "we are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be".^[52] Literary critic Lawrence Berkove considered the novel, like Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, to illustrate the tendency for "impersonators to get carried away by their impersonations, to become what they impersonate and therefore to live in a world of illusion".^[53]
Also published in 1961 was Vonnegut's short story "Harrison Bergeron", set in a dystopic future where all are equal, even if that means disfiguring beautiful people and forcing the strong or intelligent to wear devices that negate their advantages. Fourteen-year-old Harrison is a genius and athlete forced to wear record-level "handicaps" and imprisoned for attempting to overthrow the government. He escapes to a television studio, tears away his handicaps, and frees a ballerina from her lead weights. As they dance, they are killed by the Handicapper General, Diana Moon Glampers.^[54] Vonnegut, in a later letter, suggested that "Harrison Bergeron" might have sprung from his envy and self-pity as a high-school misfit. In his 1976 biography of Vonnegut, Stanley Schatt suggested that the short story shows "in any leveling process, what really is lost, according to Vonnegut, is beauty, grace, and wisdom".^[55] Darryl Hattenhauer, in his 1998 journal article on "Harrison Bergeron", theorized that the story was a satire on American Cold War understandings of communism and socialism.^[55]6
With Cat's Cradle (1963), Allen wrote, "Vonnegut hit full stride for the first time".^[56] The narrator, John, intends to write of Dr. Felix Hoenikker, one of the fictional fathers of the atomic bomb, seeking to cover the scientist's human side. Hoenikker, in addition to the bomb, has developed another threat to mankind, "ice-nine", solid water stable at room temperature, but more dense than liquid water. If a particle of ice-nine is dropped in water and sinks, all of the surrounding water eventually becomes ice-nine. Much of the second half of the book is spent on the fictional Caribbean island of San Lorenzo, where John explores a religion called Bokononism, whose holy books (excerpts from which are quoted) give the novel the moral core science does not supply. After the oceans are converted to ice-nine, wiping out most of humankind, John wanders the frozen surface, seeking to save himself and to make sure that his story survives.^[57][58]
Vonnegut based the title character of God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater (1964), on an accountant he knew on Cape Cod, who specialized in clients in trouble and often had to comfort them. Eliot Rosewater, the wealthy son of a Republican senator, seeks to atone for his wartime killing of noncombatant firefighters by serving in a volunteer fire department and by giving away money to those in trouble or need. Stress from a battle for control of his charitable foundation pushes him over the edge, and he is placed in a mental hospital. He recovers and ends the financial battle by declaring the children of his county to be his heirs.^[59] Allen deemed God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater more "a cry from the heart than a novel under its author's full intellectual control", that reflected family and emotional stresses Vonnegut was going through at the time.^[60]
In the mid-1960s, Vonnegut contemplated abandoning his writing career. In 1999, he wrote in The New York Times: "I had gone broke, was out of print and had a lot of kids..." But then, on the recommendation of an admirer, he received a surprise offer of a teaching job at the Iowa Writers' Workshop, employment that he likened to the rescue of a drowning man.^[61]
After spending almost two years at the writer's workshop at the University of Iowa, teaching one course each term, Vonnegut was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for research in Germany. By the time he won it, in March 1967, he was becoming a well-known writer. He used the funds to travel in Eastern Europe, including to Dresden, where he found many prominent buildings still in ruins. At the time of the bombing, Vonnegut had not appreciated the sheer scale of destruction in Dresden; his enlightenment came only slowly as information dribbled out, and based on early figures, he came to believe that 135,000 had died there.^[62][c]
Vonnegut had been writing about his war experiences at Dresden ever since he returned from the war, but had never been able to write anything acceptable to himself or his publishers—chapter 1 of Slaughterhouse-Five tells of his difficulties.^[64] Released in 1969, the novel rocketed Vonnegut to fame.^[65] It tells of the life of Billy Pilgrim, who like Vonnegut was born in 1922 and survives the bombing of Dresden. The story is told in a non-linear fashion, with many of the story's climaxes—Billy's death in 1976, his kidnapping by aliens from the planet Tralfamadore nine years earlier, and the execution of Billy's friend Edgar Derby in the ashes of Dresden for stealing a teapot—disclosed in the story's first pages.^[64] In 1970, he was also a correspondent in Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War.^[66][67]