Implementation of public procurement through tender

Implementation of public procurement through tender

To organize production, it is necessary to use state subsidies or a bank loan. Both of them are formed outside the sphere of material production. It is not possible to include the recovery of spent means of production (depreciation allocations, purchase of materials, raw materials, semi-finished products, in the form of destruction of fuel and electricity, etc.) This recovery is determined by the continuous need for reproduction. Because society cannot exist (function) without it. But basically it is a process of distribution of JIM. If the sphere of material production is accepted as a single (separated) system, then the next redistribution would end only with the payment of taxes from the MD. However, not only the state (through the tax system) participates in the real sphere of distribution, but also the service sphere, education, health care, banking system, etc. The state generates its own income and pays salaries to the employees of the budget sector from them. Those who work in the budget sector, in turn, pay taxes aimed at forming the income of the State budget. Citizens pay for various services at the expense of their personal income, make allocations (contributions) to insurance funds, return interest for using a bank loan. Enterprises also pay taxes on the income they receive from providing services, which are directed to the formation of budget revenues. Not all relationships that are part of a distribution are Finances. But there is no finance outside the limits of distribution.

Tender orqali davlat xaridlarini amalga oshirish
Ishlab chiqarishni tashkil etish uchun davlat subsidiyalaridan yoki bank kreditidan foydalanish kerak. Ularning har ikkalasi ham moddiy ishlab chiqarish sohasidan chyetda shakllanadi. JIMning qiymatidan sarflangan ishlab chiqarish vositalarini tiklashni (amortizasiya ajratmalari, matyeriallar, xom-ashyo, yarim tayyor mahsulotlar sotib olish, yoqilg’i elyektroenyergiyani xarib qilish kо‘rinishlarida va h.k.) taqsimlash jarayonlariga kiritish mumkin emas. Bu tiklanish takror ishlab chiqarishning uzluksiz zarurligi bilan belgilanadi. CHunki usiz jamiyatning bо‘lishi (amal qilishi) mumkin emas. Lekin shaklan bu JIMni taqsimlash jarayonidir. Agar moddiy ishlab chiqarish sohasini yagona (alohidalashgan) tizim sifatida qabul qilinsa, u holda kyeyingi qayta taqsimlash MDdan faqat soliqlarni tо‘lashga borib tugar edi. Biroq taqsimlashning real sohasida faqat davlat (soliq tizimi orqali) ishtirok etibgina qolmasdan, balki xizmat kо‘rsatish sfyerasi, maorif, sohliqni saqlash, bank tizimi va h.k.lar ham qatnashadi. Davlat о‘z daromadlarini shakllantirib, ular hisobidan, xususan, byudjet sohasining xodimlariga ish haqi tо‘laydi. Byudjet sohasida ishlaydiganlar esa, о‘z navbatida, Davlat byudjetining daromadlarini shakllantirishga yо‘naltirilgan soliqlarni tо‘laydilar. Fuqarolar о‘zlarining shaxsiy daromadlari hisobidan turli xizmatlarning haqini tо‘laydilar, sug’urta fondlariga ajratmalar (badallar) qiladilar, bank kreditidan foydalanganliklari uchun foizlarni qaytaradilar. Korxonalar xizmat kо‘rsatib olgan daromadlari hisobidan ham soliqlar tо‘laydilarki, ular byudjet daromadlarini shakllantirishga yо‘naltiriladi. Taqsimlashning tarkibiga kiruvchi barcha munosabatlar ham Moliya bо‘lavyermaydi. Lekin taqsimlashning chyegarasidan chyetda Moliya mavjud emas.