In the Germanic languages weak verbs are by far the largest group of verbs

WEAK VERBS

In the Germanic languages weak verbs are by far the largest group of verbs,
are therefore often regarded as the norm (the regular verbs). They are distinguished
from the Germanic strong verbs by the fact that their past tense form is marked by
an inflection containing a /t/, /d/, or /ð/ sound (as in English I walk~I walked)
rather than by changing the verb's root vowel (as in English I rise~I rose).
Weak Verbs

In Germanic languages, weak verbs are those verbs that form their

In Germanic languages, weak verbs are those verbs that form their

preterits and past participles by means of a dental suffix, an inflection that contains

a /t/ or /d/ sound or similar. (For comparative purposes, they will be referred to as a

dental, but in some of the languages, including most varieties oEnglish, /t/ and /d/ are alveolar instead.) In all Germanic languages, the preterite

and past participle forms of weak verbs are formed from the same stem:

In Proto-Germanic, there were five main classes of weak verbs:
1. Class I verbs were formed with a suffix -j- (-i- in the past), e.g. Gothic satjan "to
set" (Old English settan), sandjan "to send" (Old English sendan), sōkjan "to
seek" (Old English sēcan). As shown in the Old English cognates, the -j- produced
umlaut of the stem vowel in languages other than Gothic and then disappeared in
most verbs in old Germanic languages other than Gothic and Old Saxon.
2. Class II verbs were formed with a suffix -ō-, e.g. Gothic salbōn "to anoint", Old
English sealfian ← *salbōjan, cf. "to salve".
3. Class III stative verbs were formed with a suffix that was -ja- or -ai- (later -ē-) in
the present and was null in the past, e.g.Old English hebban "to have"
← *habjan, past tense iċ hæfde "I had". The West Germanic languages outside
of Old High German preserved this conjugation best, but in these languages the
conjugation had become vestigial and had only four verbs in it.
4.Class IV factitive verbs were formed with a suffix that was -ā- or -ai- in the present
and -a- in the past. This class merged with the Class III stative verbs in Gothic, Old
High German and (mostly) Old Norse, and vanished in the other Germanic
languages.
5. Class V verbs were formed with a suffix -n- (-nō- in the past),
e.g. Gothic fullnan "to become full", past tense ik fullnōda. This class vanished iother Germanic languages; however, a significant number of cognate verbs appear as Class II verbs in Old Norse and as Class III verbs in Old High German.
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