Independent uzbekistan
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ESHOVA LOBAR -independent uzbekistan
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Kashkadarya region.
- Exercise 1. Answer the questions.
The Andijan region consists of 14 rural districts (the Andijan, Asaka, Balikchi, Bulakbash, Buz, Jalalkuduk, Izbaskan, Ulugnar, Marhamat, Oltinkul, Paktaabad, Khojaabad, Shakhrihan, Kurgantepa districts) and 11 towns (Andijan, Asaka, Khanabad, Shakhrihan, Karasu, Akhunbabaev, Paytug, Marhamat, Paktaabad, Khojaabad, Kurgantepa). Bukhara region. The Bukhara region is one of the first regions formed on the territory of Uzbekistan. It was founded on April 15 1938. The region is situated in the South of Uzbekistan and occupies the biggest sandy part of the Kyzylkum desert. It borders on Karakalpakstan, the Khorezm, Navoi, Kashkadarya regions and in the south-on Turkmenistan. Primarily, the area of the region was big-144.3 thousand km 2 . When the Navoi region was established, a considerable part of lands was departed to the Bukhara region. At present, the area of the Bukhara region is equal to 40.3 thousand km 2 . According to this index it takes the third place, giving way to Karakalpakstan and the Navoi region. The population is 1423.8 thousand people-that takes the ninth place. One third of the population live in towns. The density of population is 35.3 people per km 2 . The Bukhara region consists of 11 rural districts (the Bukhara, Vabkent, Londor, Kagan, Alat, Peshkun, Romitan, Shafirkan, Karaulbazar, Karakul, Gijiduvan disticts) and 11 towns (Bukhara, Kagan, Gijiduvan, Gallaasiya, Vabkent, Alat, Gazli, Romitan, Shafirkan, Karakul, Karaulbazar). The administrative center of the region is the city of Bukhara and its population equals 239,1 thousand people. Jizak region. The Jizak region is relatively a young region. It was founded on December 29, 1973 to improve and increase development of industry and agriculture, to efficiently use the existing reserves of the land that formerly used to be the desert and to improve the life of the people. The region includes 9 districts taken from the Syrdarya region and 2 districts of the Samarkand region. The origin of the region was conditioned by the development of cotton-growing and other fields of national economy on the former desert lands, by rich reserves and resources of this area that were required for further increase of the economy. In the aim of hastening social-economic developing of southern parts of Khavast and Boyaut districts of the Syrdarya region, which adjacent to the Jizak region, to promote efficacy of guidance, to improve transport and other services for population, to make good conditions for everyday needs of citizens. After looked through an appropriate proposal of the Cabinet of Ministry Oliy Majlis of the Respublic of Uzbekistan accepted the Decree «About making an administrative-territorial district Yangiabad in the Jizak region». April 15, 1999. The area of a new Yangiaabad district with a part of Khavast and Bayaut districts of Syrdarya region is 717.4 sq/km. The Jizak region borders on Kazakhstan in the North, on Tajikistan in the South, on the Samarkand region in the West and on the Syrdarya region in the East. The area of the region is equal to 21`.2 thousand km 2 (about 4.5% of the total area of Uzbekistan), its population-980.2 thousand people. The population density is 46.2 people per km 2 . 32% of the populations reside in towns and 68% are rural people. The central city of the region is Jizak. Its population is 128.9 people. There are 12 rural districts (the Amasay, Bahmal, Dustlik, Jizak, Zabdar, Zafrabad, Zaamin, Mirzachul, Pahtakor, Farish, Gallaaral, Yangiaabad districts) and 7 towns (Jizak, Dustlik, Dashtaabad, Gagarin, Pahtakor, Marjanbulak, Gallaaral). Among 7 towns of the region Jizak is the oldest «veteran» city. The other towns are young, appeared on the map of the region during the last 25 years. Kashkadarya region. The Kashkadarya region is located in the Southern part of Uzbekistan, in the valley of the Kashkadarya river and in the Western outskirts of the Pamiro-Alay mountains. The region was founded on January 20, 1943. In January 1960 it was abolished and merged with the Surkhandarya region. On February 7, 1964 it was formed anew. The Kashkadarya region occupies the area of 28,6 thousand km 2 . The region borders on Tajikistan in the East, on the Surkandarya region in the East and the South-East, on Turkmenistan in the South and the East and the South-West, on the Bukhara region in the West and the North-West, on the Samarkand region in the North. The Kashkadarya region includes 14 rural districts (Baharistan, Dehkanabad, Kasbiy, Kitab, Kasansay, Muborak, Nishan, Usman Yusupov, Chirakchi, Shakhrisabz, Yakkabag, Kamashi, Karshi and Guzar districts) and 12 towns (Karshi, Shakhrisabz, Kitab, Kasan, Muborak, Tallimarjan, Yangi-Nishan, Chirakchi, Yakkabag, Kamashi, Beshkent, Guzar). The population of the region consists of 2166, 8 thousand people, 25,6% of which are townspeople. There are 75, 9 people per km 2 . The administrative center of the region is the city of Karshi, which population is equal to 201,8 thousand people. Navoi region. The Navoi region is the youngest region of Uzbekistan. It was founded on April 20, 1982 in order to improve development of the production and use of natural,
industrial and agricultural resources more efficiently, to solve the problems in the spheres of education, healthcare, culture and to satisfy other needs of the population. A number of districts and cities of the Bukhara and Samarkand regions were included into this region. By the Decree issued on September 6, 1988 the Navoi region was abolished and by the Decree issued on January 28, 1992 it was established anew. The region located in the center of Uzbekistan and occupies the biggest part of the Kyzylkum desert. It borders on Karakalpakstan in the West, on Kazakhstan in the North, on the Jizak region in the East, on the Samarkand region in the South and East, on the Kashkadarya and Bukhara regions in the South. The Navoi region is the biggest in the country and takes the 1 st place, among the other regions (gives way only to Karakalpakstan). Its area is 11,0 thousand km 2 . But it takes just the 11 th place in the population density (783,3 thousand people, 40% of which live in town settlements). The density of population is very low-7,1 people per km 2 . It is the lowest index among the other regions of Uzbekistan. The Navoi region includes 8 rural districts (the Kanimeh, Navbahor, Navoi, Nurata, Tamdi, Uchkuduk, Hatirchi, Kyzyltepa districts) and 6 towns (Navoi, Zarafshan, Uchkuduk, Nurata, Kyzyltepa and Yanghirabad). Navoi is the administrative center and it appeared on the map of the country in 1958. The population is 140,9 thousand people. Namangan region. The Namangan region is included into the there regions of the Fergana Valley. The region is not big-7,4 thousand km 2 , but the nature of this small region is rather attractive the Chatkal and Kurama mountains, sands of the Central part of Fergana, the Syrdarya, Karadary, Narin rivers, streams full-flowing in spring and autumn and getting dry in summer.
North and West, on Tajikistan in the West, on the Fergana region in the South and on the Andijan region in the South and East. The Namangan region was founded on March 6, 1941. On January 25 1960 it was abolished and its area was split between the Andijan and Fergana regions. On December 18, 1967 the Namangan region was formed anew. The population of the region is equal 1930,2 thousand people 37% of which live in towns and 63%-in rural places. The population density is 260,8 people per km 2 . Namangan is the central city of the region and its population equals to 386 thousand people. The region includes (Kasansay, Mingbulok, Namangan, Narin, Pap, Turakurgan, Chartak, Chust, Yangikurgan) and 8 towns (Namangan, Kasansay, Pap, Uchkurgan, Chartak, Chust, Khakkulabad and Turakurgan). Samarkand region. The Samarkand region is situated in the central part of the country, in the basin of the middle stream of the Zarafshan River. The region was founded on January 15, 1938. The area of the Samarkand region is 16,8 thousand km 2 . The region borders on the Navoi region in the North and North-West, on the Jizak region in the North and North-East, on the Kashkadarya region in the South, and with the Republic of Tajikistan in the South-East.
the East to the West between the spurs of the Zarafshan and Turkestan mountain chains. The main area of irrigation lands is located here. The Samarkand region takes the first place among the regions of the republic, in quantity of population (gives way only to the Fergana region)-there are 2670,3 thousand people. Approximately one third of them live in towns. There are 160 people per each km 2 .
(the Bulungur, Gazalkent, Jambay, Ishtihan, Kattakurgan, Narpay, Nurabad, Akdarya, Payarik, Pastdargom, Pahtachi, Samarkand, Taylak, Urgut, Chelak and Kushrabad districts) and 11 towns (Samarkand, Kattakurgan, Aktash, Urgut, Bulungur, Jambay, Juma, Ishtihan, Nurabad, Payarik, Chelak). Samarkand is the biggest and central city of the region with the population of 361,1 thousand people. From 1924 to 1930 Samarkand was the capital of Uzbekistan. Surkhandarya region. The Surkhandarya region is the southern part of our country. It borders on Tajikistan in the East, on Turkmenistan and the Kashkadarya region in the West and the North-West, on the Afghanistan in the South, along the shore-line of the Amudarya River.
1736,7 thousand of which live in town settlements, the others-in rural places. The area of the region is 20,1 thousand km 2 . There are 86,6 people per each km 2 . The Surkhandarya region consists of 14 rural districts (the Angor, Bandihan, Baysun, Denau, Zarkurgan, Murzabad, Altinsay, Sariasiya, Termez, Uzun, Sherabad, Shurchi, Kizirik and Kunkurgan districts) and 8 towns (Termez, Denau, Baysun, Jarkurgan, Shargun, Sherabad, Shurchi, Kunkurgan). Termez is the adminsistrative city of the region with the population of 113,5 thousand people. Syrdarya region. The Syrdarya region is relatively one of the youngest regions of Uzbekistan. It appeared on the map 37 years ago-on February 16, 1963 to open up arid lands of the Hunger Steppe, to further improve economy and culture of this area. The region is located on the left bank of the Syrdarya River as it flows out from the Fergana valley. The Syrdarya region borders on Kazakhstan in the North, on the Tashkent region in the East, on Tajikistan in the South and on the Jizak region in the West. The area of the region is 4,3 thousand km 2 . It takes next to the last place, leaves behind only the Andijan region. The population is also the smallest one-only 642,2 thousand people. From the total number of population more than 30% live in town settlements, the others reside in rural places. There are 150,2 people per each km 2 . The Syrdarya region consists of 9 rural districts (the Bayaut, Gulistan, Mehnatabad, Mirzaabad, Akaltin, Sayhunabad, Syrdarya, Khavast, Sharaf Rashidov districts) and 5 towns (Gulistan, Baht, Syrdarya, Shirin, Yangiyer). Gulistan is the central city of the region. Its population is equal to 55,3 thousand people. Tashkent region. The Tashkent region is the capital region of Uzbekistan. It was founded on January 15, 1938. It occupies 15, 6 thousand km 2 which makes up more than 3,5% of the total area of Uzbekistan. The region is located in the Northern, on Kyrgyzstan and the Namangan region in the North and East, on Tajikistan in the South and on the Syrdarya region in the West. As it was mentioned before, the area of the Tashkent region occupies the small part of Uzbekistan, but it takes a leading part in the population number. The population of the region (including the city of Tashkent) is 4492, 5 thousand people-about one fifth part of the inhabitants of Uzbekistan. The Tashkent region is one of the most densely populated regions of the Republic, giving way only to the Andijan and Fergana regions. In average 290, 1 people are per each km 2
The Tashkent region gives way only to the Samarkand region in the number of rural districts and takes a leading place in Uzbekistan in the number of towns. There are 15 rural districts in the region (the Bekabad, Buka, Bustanlik, Zangiata, Angren, Ahangaran, Parkent, Pskent, Tashkent, Chinaz, Yukori-Chirchik, Yangiyul, Urta-Chirchik, Kibray, Kuyi- Chirchik, districts) and 17 towns (Tashkent, Angren, Almalik, Ahangaran, Bekabad,
Chirchik, Yangiabad, Yangiyul, Buka, Gazalkent, Akkurgan, Parkent, Pskent, Keles, Chinaz, Toytepa, Dustobod). Tashkent is the central city of the region and 2142,3 thousand people reside there. Fergana region. The Fergana region is included into the there regions located in the Fergana Valley-a pearl of Central Asia. The region was founded on January 15, 1938. It is in the East of Uzbekistan and occupies the Southern part of the Fergana Valley. . The Fergana region borders on Kyrghyzstan in the South, on Tajikistan in the West, on the Namangan region in the North and on the Andijan region in the East. The area of the region is not big-6,7 thousand km 2 . The region takes the second place in the number of population and gives way only to the Tashkent region. There are 2664,4 thousand inhabitants. 776,1 thousand people live in town settlements and 1888,3 thousand people live in rural places. The Fergana region includes 15 rural districts (the Bagbad, Besharik, Buvaydi, Dangara, Yazyavan, Altyarik, Akhunbabaev, Rishtan, Soh, Tashlak, Uchkuprik, Fergana, Furkat, Uzbekistan, Kuva districts) and 9 towns (Fergana,Margilan, Kokand, Kuva, Kuvasay, Besharik, Khamza, Rishtan, Yaypan). Fergana is the administrative center of the region. The number of its population is 185,2 thousand people. Khorezm region. The Khorezm region was founded on January 15, 1938. It is in the North and West of Uzbekistan, and occupies some part of the Aral and Kaspiyan lowlands. The Khorezm region like Karakalpakstan is the remotest region of Uzbekistan. It borders on Karakalpakstan in the North and East, on Tukrmenistan in the South and West, on the Bukhara region in the South and East. The Khorezm region takes the 11 th place in the area dimensions-6,1 thousand square kilometrs (a bit more than 1% of the total area of Uzbekistan). The population of the region is equal to 1323,9 thousand people, 24% of which reside in towns. The population density is high-217,4 people per km 2 .
Khakin, Shavat, Yangiarik, Yangibazar, Kushkupyr, Khazarasp districts) and 3 towns (Urgench, Pitnyak, , Khiva). Urgench is the central city of the region. Its population is equal to 139 thousand people. Uzbekistan takes the third place in the area dimensions among the countries of Central Asia and Kazakhstan after Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, but it is the leader and takes the first place in the number of population in this area. At the beginning of 2000 the population of Uzbekistan is equal to 24,5 million people. If the total population of Central Asia is 100%, then Uzbekistan makes up more than 42% of it. The population in Uzbekistan is distributed unevenly. In average the population density of the Republic takes a lead over a number of the CIS countries and passes ahead the other countries of Central Asia. Due to speedy growth of the population, its density per each square kilometer of its territory grows annually. Thus in comparison with 1959, the density of population raised more than 3 times and currently it equals 54,8 people per km 2 . Uzbekistan is a multinational republic. At present, representatives of over 100 nationalities live here. Uzbeks make up the main bulk of the population whose share against the total population is systematically growing up. Share of the European population against the total population, is somewhat declining because of a great difference in the birth-rate of the native and European population. Besides, as a result of the collapse of the USSR, a lot of Russian speaking population migrated mainly to Russia, the Ukraine and Belarus from the former union republics, including Uzbekistan. Among the emigrants, besides the Russians, there are the Ukrainians Belarusian, Jews, the Crimean Tatars, the Germans, and others. It is
necessary to emphasize that because of the stable social and political environment observed in the Republic, some part of emigrants who had left Uzbekistan earlier are returning back to Uzbekistan. The Independent Republic of Uzbekistan pays much attention to the population problems, particularly to motherhood and childcare protection, to moral and spiritual upbringing of the growing generation. The evidence of it is establishment of the official order «Soglom avlod uchun» («For healthy generation») and the creation of the International Nongovernmental Charity Fund with the same title «Soglom avlod uchun». Uzbekistan has the biggest economic potential among the other Central Asian republics and Kazakhstan. It is distinguished in many indicators, both in industrial and agricultural development. Various branches of industry have been established and are successfully developing in the economy of the Republic belongs to agricultural branches, first of all, to a cotton-growing branch. Nature and climate and traditional skills of the population also promote the development of such branches as silk worm breeding, live-stock farming, grape, fruit and melon production. 1998-1999 were the years of stable economic progress for our country. Economic increase was observed in all spheres of national economy.
1. How many violets are there in Uzbekistan? 2. What are the largest rivers in Uzbekistan? 3. What is the Independence Day of Uzbekistan?
Karakalpakstan is situated in the north west of Uzbekistan, occupying 164000 km, and 38% of its territory. The Supreme Soviet of Karakalpakstan adopted the Declaration on State sovereignty on December I, 1990 the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan on September 1.1991 is a landmark in the history of our republic. As the part of Uzbekistan the democratic sovereign Republic of Karakalpakstan has its own Constitution, National Emblem, Anthem and Flag. The Jokargi Kenes (the Supreme Soviet) is the supreme body of state authority. Nukus is the capital city, the population is more than 1, 5 million, representing 80 nations namely, Karakalpaks, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Russians, Turkmen and others. According to archeological findings, the ancestors of Karakalpaks lived here thousands of years ago during the Stone Age. The Aral Sea, Ustuyrt Plateau and Kizil-Kum desert take up 75% of the land. The climate of Karakalpakstan is sharply continental it’s very hot in summer and very cold in winter. Temperatures in winter may drop to 33-36 degrees below zero. The hottest summer month is July. The temperature can reach more than 45 degrees. High summer temperature makes it possible to cultivate heat-loving crops such as cotton, grapes, melons, water-melons and others The Republic is the agrarian country oriented mainly to agriculture in spite of the rich mineral and raw material resources, which allow developing the different branches of industry. Agriculture is completely based on irrigation with cotton and rice as their major crop. The main wealth is cotton (white gold). Cereals, potatoes, vegetables, melons, fruits and sugar-beets are also grown here. Meat, milk eggs and wool are the main types of livestock. Silkworm breeding is also very developed. Over than 950 kinds of higher plants grow in the territory of the Republic, including
360 ones which belong to the medical plants of scientific and people’s medicine. This makes agriculture the basis of the economic structure of Karakalpakstan. In the structure of industry many branches are connected with the primary processing of the agricultural raw materials: cotton, fiber, rice, meat, milk, liquorices. Cotton cleaning plants, oil mills, bread –baking plants, meat and milk factories, rice plants and others belong to these branches. Among the other branches the most developed one is power- engineering Takhia-Tash hydro power station completely satisfies the needs of Karakalpakstan in electric power and it is also the main power supplies of the Khrozm region of Uzbekistan and Tashaus region of Turkmenistan. The development programme of the democratic state of Karakalpakstan is based on developing a socially oriented market economy Laws on land, farming, joint-stock companies, business and foreign economic relations were adopted with the majority of state enterprises privatized. Favorable conditions for foreign investment enabled the establishment of new enterprises such as the Kungrad calcium soda factory, a cellulose complex, the Takhiatash paper factory which recycles rice waste and other objects. The growing and processing of liquorices is presently quite popular. It is generally known that Karakalpakstan is the centre of the Aral Sea ecological disaster to which the entire international community is giving assistance. International Conferences about the Aral Sea issue have been held in Nukus under the auspices of the United Nations. The people of Karakalpakstan have consciously preserved and developed their own national culture. Exhibits in the Museum of Regional Studies have been taken to international exhibitions and awarded on numerous occasions. The Karakalpak State Museum of Five Arts became famous for its exhibits: collection of paintings, sculptures, and samples of embroidery, jewelry all over the world. The country has a variety of theatres such as the Karakalpak State Musical Theatre, the Theatre for Young Spectators, the Puppet Theatre, many concert halls and clubs. Unique historical monuments such as the Ishan-kala, Narimjon-bobo, Sulton vois bobo and Vali atalik mausoleums, and the Ayaz-kala and Kyrk-kiz fortresses attract tourists from all parts of the world. The Nazlim khan Suliu mausoleum was included by UNESCO in the list of monuments of international significance. Great names such as Al- Beruni, Najmiddin Kurbo, Al-Khorezmi, Sulayman Bakirgani and Ajiniyaz, Berdakh lived and worked in this land centuries ago. There are many educational establishments in the Republic: the Karakalpak State University, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, branches of Tashkent higher educational institutions training specialists in different trends for the Republic, academic lyceums, professional colleges and secondary schools. The spiritual development of the people is the foundation of the future of this country. After becoming an independent state,Karakalpakstan have established economic, political and cultural relations with many foreign countries: the USA, France, Japan, Korea, Turkey, England, China, India and others. People of different specialties, students and schoolchildren have wide opportunities to take part in the programmers of international organizations, work and study abroad. Karakalpakstan is open to the world as the world opens itself to this ancient land turned towards the future. |
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