Independent work • 22 105 Group
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Bog'liqMirzahubaydinov Nurjahon
particular way What is connotation? • The word of connotative meaning is less important and subordinate meaning. • People have different ideas about words :not bad and too bad For that reason two types of connotations for example :favorable and unfavorable • Here, there is a word which taken from latin language. It is connotation. It says that “ cooperation“ or “ in conjuction ” • Every words can have connotative meaning • And all people choose words and they can use words in these types of words they want Differences between denotation and connotation • How do you think which of them are used as a main meaning of a word? • - Yes it is denotation. And other side , connotation isnot original meaning • In many cases, we can see I the dictionaries a lot of words which called denotation, however we don't see more connotconnotation the dictionaries • So we should always follow dictionaries in order to know about word. Is it denotation or connotation? Searching from dictionaries is the best way to find answer for this Examples for two meanings of a word • Denotative meaning • 1.Home (place for persons to live • 2.I am cold( temperature) 3.He is green( on his face) • Connotaiave meaning • 1. Strong woman(physically ) • 2.You are dog(bad person) • 3.Unfamiliar girl(strange) 5.Inversion and ellipsis • What is the inversion? • When it comes to inversion. Word of Inversion says that “to reverse”. We can use inversion when we have to use question sentence in our daily speech.In order to gain this, we should change words not word it's order • In general, circumstance occurs when the word is changed not word also it's order is changed. This can be called inversion • When we use inversion in our speech, it will be more complicated sentence but it will be more attractive speech INVERSION AFTER NEGATIVE ADVERBS • After time expressions such us: never, rarely, seldom, hardly, no sooner Seldom have I watched a better much. Hardly had he got into the bath when the phone rang No sooner had we startour lesson , they started laughing . Barely, had Yusuf start texting to his mum, when the phone started ringing What is Ellipsis? • When it comes to meaning of ellipsis • Half competed sentences are usually called ELLIPSIS • Ellipsis is unfamiliar m unspoken sentences which is interrupted by sentences for one reason or another reason • Ellipsis has a resemblence with complete sentence depends on their construction . And there is other information about ellipsis . It can be common or incommon also When do we use inversion? • As I said before we usually use inversion in question sentence. But we can use in other situations. For example:We can use it when we have negative adverb at the beginning of our sentence • Also we can use inversion in a quite formal way which is using instead of if conditionals we can use “ should”, “had”,”were”. • Using inversion is very beneficial. It make more meaningful our speech. When do we use ellipsis We can use Ellipsis in many types of skills but it is more suitable in speaking than writing. If the sentence is complete we can use it. For example if there is no any necessary part in the middle of sentenceyou may include only at the beginning and end of aquote Writers can use ellipses in order to symbolize silence intext and also it is main instrumeninstrument for writers In formal writing, ellipsis should be put in brackets Examples • For inversion • 1.Did she go to the school? • 2.Merchy is not footballer, and nor is John • 3.Only if Lucy come would I go • 4.Into the room came Margaret when I was cying • For ellipsis • 1.My boyfriend was empty…filled with hatred • 2.Spring… is a bride of the seasons • 3.Yeah? I can just… • 4.A phone stolen in Paris was red … in Efel Tower 6.Words commonly mispronounced • English language is more complicated, so , manypeople usually have such kind of issues related to pronunciation. Especially teenagers often expexperience this event.Compareto anotherlanguages English is more complicated language .Hundred percent I agree this statement , because in this language there are some word pronounciationosnot same with writing one. Even subject specialists and native speakers do some mistakes while their speaking complex words in different presents. English is very wide and rich language . •In this language many words similar and sometimes same with each other because of same pronounciation, for this reason while speaking or listening in English you should be careful pronounciation of words and with a help of additional words you can beaware real meaning of words. There are some special spelling rules in English also they are some how challenging to understand , thatswhy pronouncing a word correctly usually help you •It is not difficult to mispronounce words in English fora numberof reasons. First of all, because many English words come from f oreign languages, ithard for humans how to pronou nce themcorrectly. Secondly some words get new pr onounciations in conversational and dialectical usag e.As english also has some regional accent British en glish and American english.The pronounciation of words are also different in two ways.Keep in mind p ronouncing words in American accent •These kind of words aredifferent from Australian and British englisha ccent.Let'sseetheexamplesof mispronounced words: 1. Mischievous- whatpeoplesay: mis- cheev-eeus, how it is originallysaid: mis- chivus . This is oneof theword thatpeople havebeen maki ng mistakes whilespeakingsince 16 century. Secondword: Prestigious, whatpeoplesay: pre- sti- geeus, how it is actuallypronounce: pre- stijus.This word consists of threesyllablewords •But most people think there are four syllableword.Third word is Jewelry , some people may say it is just simple word any one canpronounce it, bu it not like this what peoplesay: jool- ree, how it is pronounced : jewell-ree.Fourth word is Forte. What peoplesay: for-tay, how it is actuallypronounce:fort. It is also referring clearly to the musical term, this word pronounced fort.Nextword is Zoology. Many of us say: zoo-oll-oh-gee, how it is clearlyprononce: zoe-oll-oh- gee.Actually it helps to remember that there are only two os , not three, so it would be zo-ology 7.Praising and criticizing •Praising and criticizing Criticizing and praising are two opposite ideas ,opinions. And 50 percent people love praising another half one prefercritizing. We should be balanced, cause if every onepraise you all time therewill not be increase, if people alwayscritizeyou it will demotivate you . But while your working processsomeone give you praise for your grate work i will encourage you and your work efficencywill growdrammaricallyafter few minutes • Imagine, Someonecame and say somecriticsfor you it willalso en courage you, people say themselves: I shouldtry hard toachive great result.Majority of people love feedback and mistakes. As a resultwe have togive more criticismin the workplace o r company but one of the leadershiplessonswhich is tou ght in the university I have learned in the last monththat whilecriticismis neededand appreceated, but withoutpr aise it too often leaves people's feelings also demotivate d and resentfulof their manager. Thereare many types of praises, forexample: For teachers, for students, for workers, for directorsand many more.Firstly, praise for students are very essential duringtheir studyprocess . Their te achers and parents should tell them these motivational words:1.You are best of the best. 2. You are really working hard today.3.I am proud of theway you are worki ng today.4. Keep working onit, you are brilliant.5.I am happy to see you working like that..These motivational wordswill help students to work harder and better • That's why teachers and parents should remember about praise, cause it is one of the simplest and most powerful tools to engage and motivate your students or children.When it is used in an effective way , it can change bad behaviour to good one and disable student to skillful and talented student. • However as every thing has its pros and cons, criticism is also some times better than praising, when you give your own opinion to some topic , when your friend, colleague or student find right answer to the problem and many other situations. Because all time praising caused different problems related to your improvement. Examples for praising and criticising • What do you think about … ( you want a change to the item) • I appreciate how hard you’ve worked but there still is room for improvement here • I'm going tobe very honest with you. I wasn’t happy with how you behaved at my party • I think itwould be better if … (something you think isan improvement ) • With all due respect, I don’t think its suitable to wear a white dress as a wedding guest. • Don’t get me wrong, but I think we need to have a chat about the accident 8. Expressions with set and put, come and go • Come clean about • ●Dad, I need to come clean about the plate, I broke it not my sister • Come close • ●The soup opera was so tedious that I came close to walking out of the street • Come complete with • ●Our clothes come complete with a ten-year warranty • Come early • ●My dad always comes early for meetings. • Come into view • ●My cousins were watching the stars and moon when suddenly a shooting star came into view. It was exciting event that we watch. • Come last • ●Lucy comes last in every meeting and interviews • Come early • ●My dad always comes early for meeting • • Come prepared • ●There is a test next week, come prepared • Come right back • ●Where’s Mary? She went to get some sugar, she saidshe’ll come right back. • Come to a decision • ●You must come to a decision about what do wear for tomorrow party • With come expression we can create new word to use . This shows that, englishlanguage is very rich with their words like others. • Put about (worried) • ●My mom was much put about by the last night meeting • Put something away • ●After washing the clothes I put them away in the floor • Put down (write down.) • ●The lawerput down the things on the paper • Put in an appearance • ●My friend has agreed to put in an appearance at the interview • Put somebody off (displeaseetc) • ●Her rude manners put his off • Put up (selling) • I am going to put up my old phone to somebody who need • Put up a fight • ●Our group mates put up a spirited fight before losing bycompetition • Put in(submit a document) • Margaret has put in his complain letter • Put by(saving) • ●I will put by my new dress. Because now, I have numerous dress fornow. • • SET ABOUT – to start doing something with determination . • John immediately set about doing her indepent works when she heart that they/re so difficult • SET SOMETHING FORTH – do show it in speech • In their speech on constitution they set forth their views at length. • SET UP – estabilish • The first boat was set up in 1850. And it situated United States. • SET OUT – to start work to achieve purposes and goals • Muxlisa will set out in the morning, but she is still sleeping. Because she did not lot if houseworks • Go with – be suitable • Malika's dress goes with her figure . • Go bankrupt – lack of money . Can not fulfill debts. • unfortunately, my uncle goes bankrupt because he doesn't know about how to use money. • Going mad – to think all things are getting too much on top of you • Go for – select • which type of coffee to have a drink. Please go for one of them in the menu • Through using these expressions , our speech will be fluently and attractive 9. Binomials What is binomials ? • Binomial is a kind of a word which can be described as synonims and sound patterns. • Here, there are eexamples of synonyms: • 1.opinion-idea • 2. Altitude-height • 3.allot-give • And examples for sound patterns • 1.wine-shine • 2.peel-kill • 3.fad-fat Sound patterns • In this type of words you can see these words similar. • Wine and shine . Wine means that liquid which include alcohol and it is not appropriate all people. And the shine is a verb . It is action that sun can this. E.g: Sun is shining • Peel and kill. Peel means that removing fruits or vegetable's skin. Kill means that murdering someone in a untrue way • Fad and fat. Fad means that something that is popular for a short time. Fat means that having a lot of flesh on thebody. Synonyms • Synonyms are kind of words or phrase . They are same or nearly the same meaning . • Opinion and idea. These are the nearly same. Because , Opinion is a thought about something . Idea is plan for doing something it can be also suggestion. • Altitude-height. Altitude means that height. And height means altitude. They have equal meaning • Allot and give. Allot means giving something to someone. Give means sharing and giving There are numerous ways to know about this types of words. For instance: Dock and dog high And low Big and gigant Primate and private Beautiful and ugly Clever and intelligent Cell and hell Types of binomials • There are types of binomials: • Opposites(black and white, long and short, good and bad,wideand narrow, delicious and bitter • Synonyms ( misplace and forget, convention and tradition, merge and combine • Similar sounding words (misplace and displace,repreptile and detail, conform and inform • So we should learn and use these kind of words in our speech. It will be more beautiful than normal speech. 10. Cause reason purpose and result in English • Here, there are many types of conjuction.These are types of conjuction which are useful to connect sentences each other. They can be used to talk about our goal,target,cause, reason and result. • Causative conjuction is means of expressing the reason why something happened: It can be connected with some words. For example: because, since and as. Sentences which have such kind of conjuctions are called complicated sentence, because it connect two or three sentences together What is purposeconjuction? • We can use this types of conjuction when we talk about our purpose , goal, target of something. And in order to create this kind of sentences we should have some conjuction. For example: So, so that and in order. • What is result conjuction? • When you have to indicate the result of situation to somebody , you may use it. You can add these conjuction to build sentence. For example : so that, so, such that, as a result • Everyone can use these conjuction while speaking. It will bemore beautiful speech. We can show our purpose, reason ,result of our sentence clearly. Examples • For cause conjuction • 1.I have to go central marketbecause our local supermarkethas closed • 2.I will begin to study Russian language as now I have no freetime • 3.My sister has to cut her hair because it gets too long • 4.MrDavid did not go to work as he had astomacheyesterday • For result conjuction • 1.I did not prepared slideshow for lesson so I had not graded • 2.My wallet was stolen so that I returned to home without any purchasing • 3.My friend drank a freezy water as a result he had sore throat Examples • For reason conjution • 1.I have stopped eating junk foods because I am on a diet. • 2.She really like eating out, because she can not cook • 3.Since my mum see me, she is better • 4.I have a headheadache, as My brain is fulling with independent works • 5.I did not have shower, because I was ill • For purpose conjuction. • 1.SHe came here so that he can make a plan. • 2.Malika called me so that she could tell me about party • 3.My literary analysis have not finished yet so that I am going to ask help from my sister • 4.My dad came to hospital, so that I should go with him • 5. Lucy has a stomachache so that, I have to bring tablet ,because she is my best friend •A words which are useful for connecting words, and complicated sentences. So it plays vital role in creating sentences. We can give a lot of examples for these. There are great numbers of conjunctions : but and or, although . Also there are other probabilities (e.g: although). The basic purpose of these conjunctions, joining words and creating newsentence and also adding new meaning of a sentence. •As I said before english language is rich with it's words, conjunctions and any kind of categories which can make sentences more meaningful for listeners. But we should know how and where to use these words ,otherwise sentence will be notexpressive THANKS YOU Download 122.35 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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