Indonesia

Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 230 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Brief Introduction

Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Government and politics 4 Foreign relations 5 Administrative divisions 6Geography 7 Economy 8 Demographics 9 Culture 10 Notes

Etymology

The name Indonesia derives from the Latin Indus, meaning "India", and the Greek nesos, meaning "island".[

History

• Fossilized remains of Homo erectus, popularly known as the "Java Man", suggest that the Indonesian archipelago was inhabited two million to 500,000 years ago
• Ideal agricultural conditions, and the mastering of wet-field rice cultivation as early as the eighth century BCE,[14] allowed villages, towns, and small kingdoms to flourish by the first century CE.
• Dutch control over the archipelago
• August 1945, Sukarno, an influential nationalist leader, declared independence and was appointed president
• General Suharto, out-maneuvered the politically weakened Sukarno, and was formally appointed president in March 1968

Suharto resigned on 21 May 1998 In 1999, East Timor voted to secede from Indonesia, after a twenty-five-year military occupation that was marked by international condemnation of often brutal repression of the East Timorese.[38] Since Suharto's resignation, a strengthening of democratic processes has included a regional autonomy program, and the first direct presidential election in 2004

Government and politics

• Indonesia is a republic with a presidential system.
• Executive, judicial, and legislative branches.
• The president of Indonesia is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces
• The 2004 presidential election was the first in which the people directly elected the president and vice president.[
• The president may serve a maximum of two consecutive five-year terms

The highest representative body at national level is the People's Consultative Assembly

Foreign relations

• Suharto "New Order" have been based on economic and political cooperation with Western nations.
• Indonesia maintains close relationships with its neighbors in Asia, and is a founding member of ASEAN and the East Asia Summit
• Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950
• The Indonesian Government has worked with other countries to apprehend and prosecute perpetrators of major bombings linked to militant Islamism and Al-Qaeda. The deadliest killed 202 people (including 164 international tourists) in the Bali resort town of Kuta in 2002

Administrative divisions

• Administratively, Indonesia consists of 33 provinces.
• Each province has its own political legislature and governor.
• The provinces are subdivided into
• regencies (kabupaten) and
• cities (kota), which are further subdivided into
• subdistricts (kecamatan), and again into
• village groupings

Papua was granted special autonomy status in 2001.

Jakarta is the country's special capital region.

Main provinces of Indonesia

• Sumatra
• Java
• Lesser Sunda Islands
• Kalimantan
• Sulawesi
• Maluku Islands
• Western New Guinea

Economy

• Indonesia is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the G-20 major economies. Indonesia's estimated Gross Domestic Product for 2008 was US$511.7 billion
• per capita GDP was US$2,246

Economy

• The services sector is the economy's largest and accounts for 45.3% of GDP
• However, agriculture employs more people than other sectors
• Indonesia's main export markets (2005) are Japan (22.3%), the United States (13.9%), China (9.1%), and Singapore (8.9%). The major suppliers of imports to Indonesia are Japan (18.0%), China (16.1%), and Singapore (12.8%)

Geography

• Indonesia consists of 17,508 islands, about 6,000 of which are inhabited.
• The five largest islands are Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan , New Guinea , and Sulawesi.
• Indonesia is the world's 16th-largest country in terms of land area.[
• Indonesia's location on the edges of the Pacific, Eurasian, and Australian tectonic plates makes it the site of numerous volcanoes and frequent earthquakes

Demographics

• More than 23o mln. People live in there
• family planning program
• The official national language, Indonesian
• Most Indonesians speak at least one of the several hundred local languages (bahasa daerah), often as their first language
• the government officially recognizes only six religions: Islam, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism
• Although it is not an Islamic state, Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation

Culture

• Indonesia has around 300 ethnic groups, each with cultural differences
• The most popular sports are badminton and football.
• Rice is the main staple food and is served with side dishes of meat and vegetables
• Spices (notably chili), coconut milk, fish and chicken are fundamental ingredients
• Indonesian traditional music includes gamelan and keroncong.

Notes

US Library of Congress; Vickers (2005), page 117. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009) (.PDF). World Population Prospects. 2008 revision. United Nations. http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-12. 

^ a b c d "Indonesia". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx? Retrieved 2009-10-01. 

^ "Human Development Report 2009. Human development index trends: Table G". The United Nations. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-05. 

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