Inflectional morphemes in English and Uzbek and their distinctive features

Inflectional morphemes in English and Uzbek and their distinctive features.

Student: Anvarjonova MaftunA

Group: 2023

Outline:

• What are morphemes in English and Uzbek.
• What are inflectional morphemes in English and Uzbek.
• Differences between inflectional morphemes of English and Uzbek language.
• Conclusion.

What are morphemes in English?

Definition

A “morpheme” is a short segment of language that meets two basic criteria:

1. It is a word or a part of a word that has meaning.

2. It cannot be divided into smaller meaningful segments without changing its meaning or leaving a meaningless remainder.

What are morphemes in Uzbek?

Morfema (yunoncha: morphe — shakl) — oʻziga xos shakl va maʼnoga ega boʻlgan, boshqa maʼnoli qismlarga boʻlinmaydigan, soʻz (leksema) yasash yoki soʻzning shaklini hosil qilish uchun xizmat qiladigan lisoniy birlik. Morfemalar oʻzbek tilida, asosan, affiks (qoʻshimcha) holatida boʻladi.

Morfemalar mustaqil qoʻllanmaydi, lugʻaviy maʼno ifodalay olmaydi, faqat soʻzning lugʻaviy va grammatik maʼnolari shakllanishiga xizmat qiladi. Soʻz tarkibida Morfema ishtirok etmasligi ham mumkin.

What are Inflectional morphemes in English?

An inflectional morpheme is added to a noun, verb, adjective or adverb to assign a

particular grammatical property to that word such as: tense, number, possession, or

comparison.

⋅ These do do not change the essential meaning or the grammatical category of a word.

Adjectives stay adjectives, nouns remain nouns, and verbs stay verbs.

⋅ In English, all inflectional morphemes are suffixes (i.e. They all only attach to the end of

words).

• ⋅ There can only be one inflectional morpheme per word

Inflectional morphemes.

Inflectional morphemes.

There are only eight “inflectional affixes” in English, and these are all suffixes. English has the following inflectional suffixes, which serve a variety of grammatical functions when added to specific types of words. These grammatical functions are shown to the right of each suffix.

-s noun plural

-’s noun possessive

-s verb present tense third person singular

-ing verb present participle/gerund

-ed verb simple past tense

-en verb past perfect participle

-er adjective comparative

• -est adjective superlative

What are Inflectional morphemes in Uzbek?

• Morfemalar asosiy vazifasiga koʻra, 2 turga boʻlinadi; soʻz yasovchilar; soʻzning shaklini yasovchilar.
• Shakl yasovchi qo’shimchalar :
• 1.Sintaktik shakl yasovchi
• 2.Lug’aviy shakl yasovchi

Lug’aviy shakl yasovchi qo’shimchalar – yetakchi morfemaga (asos) ga qo’shilib undan yangi so’z yasamaydigan va o’zi qo’shilgan so’zni boshqasiga bog’lamaydigan uning ma’nosiga qo’shimcha ma’no yuklab, leksik ma’noni biroz o’zgartiradigan qo’shimchalar.

Lug’aviy shakl yasovchi qo’shimchalar – yetakchi morfemaga (asos) ga qo’shilib undan yangi so’z yasamaydigan va o’zi qo’shilgan so’zni boshqasiga bog’lamaydigan uning ma’nosiga qo’shimcha ma’no yuklab, leksik ma’noni biroz o’zgartiradigan qo’shimchalar.

M : kitob+lar (miqdorini ko’paytirdi)

Katta+roq (kattalik darajasi me’yordan kamaydi)

Qiz+cha( qizning yoshi kichikligini ko’rsatdi)

• Salima+xon (so’zlovchining Salimaga hurmatini ifodaladi)
• Sintaktik shakl yasovchilar (munosabat shakllari) – so’zga qo’shilib uning ma’lum morfologik shaklini ko’rsatuvchi va boshqa so’zga bog’lash uchun xizmat qiluvchi shakl yasovchi morfemalar.
• Sintaktik shakl yasovchi qo’shimchalar :
• Ismlardagi : egalik, kelishik, bog’lama
• Fe’llardagi : zamon, mayl, shaxs-son

Differences between inflectional morphemes of English and Uzbek language.

Conclusion

There are five differences between suffixes in English and Uzbek in term of their function.

They are: (1)Suffix in English can mark superlative degree, but in Uzbek, a superlative degree cannot be marked by adding any inflectional suffix to an adjective. (2) In Uzbek suffix marks the command, but in English, there is not found. (3) In Uzbek suffix can derive a noun from the noun and derive a noun from an adjective, but in English, it is not found. (4) In Uzbek suffix can derive adverb from pronoun, but in English, it cannot. (5) In English suffix can derive an adjective from a verb, but in Uzbek, it cannot.

There are six differences between suffixes in English and Uzbek in term of their meaning.

They are: (1) In Uzbek suffix can denote ‗direct object’, but in English, there is not found. (2) In Uzbek

suffix can denote ‗origin’, but in English, there is not found. (3) In Uzbek suffix can denote

‗interrogation’, but in English, there is not found. (4) In Uzbek suffix can denote ‗negation’, but in

English, there is not found. (5) In English suffix can denote ‗pertaining to’, but in Uzbek, there is not

• found. (6) In English suffix can denote gender, but Uzbek it does not have.