Information collection & exchange

FCE (First Certificate in English) and CPE (Certificate of Proficiency in English) 

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These are two standardized examinations administered by the University of Cambridge Local 
Examinations Syndicate. They are taken by thousands of candidates yearly in over 60 countries. The 
FCE represents a general standard of competence in English at an intermediate level. Many British 
publishers gear their textbook series to this standard. The CPE represents an advanced level of 
competence. It is recognized for matriculation by universities in Britain and in many English speaking 
countries. 
TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) 
This standardized test from the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, New Jersey, is administered 
every year to thousands of candidates from hundreds of language backgrounds. Many American colleges 
and universities require a TOEFL score of 500 or above for admission to undergraduate study. The 
TOEFL is part of a larger program which also includes the Test of Written English (TWE) and the Test of 
Spoken English (TSE). 
ALM (Audiolingual Method), CLL (Community Language Learning), LEA (Language Experience Approach), 
and TPR (Total Physical Response) 
These are just a few of the approaches, methods, and techniques which are used in the teaching of 
languages. See Chapter Two for an explanation of ALM, CLL, and TPR. The LEA is discussed in 
Chapters Five and Six.