Инглиз тили назарияси ва укитиш методикаси кафдрасининг доценти Алимова Мухаррам Хаятовнанинг Чет тил назарий аспектлари ( 2-модул-Назарий грамматика) фанидан тузган тестлар мажмуи

two smart hard-working students?
a. mixed modification
b. postmodification
*c. premodification
d. modification
259. To what modification of noun phrase can we include the following example:
Students from Boston?
a. mixed modification
*b. postmodification
c. premodification
d. modification
260. To what modification of noun phrase can we include the following example:
two smart hard-working students from Boston?
*a. mixed modification
b. postmodification
c. premodification
d. modification
261. What are classifications of verb phrases according to the nature of their complements?
*a. nominal, adverbial and mixed
b. the head and the adjunct
c. simple, expanded, extended
d. coordinate, subordinate, predicative
262. What are classifications of verb phrases according to the structure?
a. nominal, adverbial and mixed
b. the head and the adjunct
*c. simple, extended
d. coordinate, subordinate, predicative

263. What is sentence?

a. the smallest communicative unit
b. the smallest meaningful unit
*c. a unit of language
d. a unit of speech
264. What is utterance?
a. the smallest communicative unit
b. the smallest meaningful unit
c. a unit of language
*d. a unit of speech
265. What are the main categories of utterance?
a. subject and predicate
b. subject and object
*c. theme and rheme
d. explicit and implicit
266. What differs sentence from word or word group as a communicative language unit?
a. the relation of the denoted event to objective reality
b. expresses predicative meanings of tense, aspect, mood, etc
c. realization not only through the axis “subject – predicate”, but also through the secondary parts of the sentence
*d. characterized by an intonation contour, sentence stress, predication, modality, and a relatively complete meaning
267. How do you denote elliptical sentences?
*a. The main sphere of them is dialogue where the part of the sentence that is left out can be either supplied from the preceding sentence (pronounces by another speaker) or may be easily defined by putting questions
b. contain one or more than one predicative lines (axes)
c. only one of the principal parts is present the sentence
d. one or more of their parts left out
268. According to the purpose of communication, sentences fall into.......
a. simple and composite; one-member and two-member; complete and elliptical
b. simple and composite
*c. declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory
d. subject categorial meaning, predicate categorial meaning, subject-predicate relations
269. According to the structure, sentences are divided into……
*a. simple and composite; one-member and two-member; complete and elliptical
b. simple and composite
c. declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory
d. subject categorial meaning, predicate categorial meaning, subject-predicate relations
270. Depending on whether they contain one or more than one predicative lines, sentences are differentiated into.......
a. simple and composite; one-member and two-member; complete and elliptical
*b. simple and composite
c. declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory
d. subject categorial meaning, predicate categorial meaning, subject-predicate relations
271. The semantic classification of the simple sentence is based on the following principles:

a. simple and composite; one-member and two-member; complete and elliptical

b. simple and composite
c. declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory
*d. subject categorial meaning, predicate categorial meaning, subject-predicate relations
272. What is the subject categorical meaning of the following sentence: He came early?
*a. personal, human, definite
b. personal, human, indefinite
c. personal, non-human, animate
d. personal non-human, inanimate
273. What is the subject categorical meaning of the following sentence: He who does not work neither shall he eat?
a. personal, human, definite
*b. personal, human, indefinite
c. personal, non-human, animate
d. personal non-human, inanimate
274. What is the subject categorical meaning of the following sentence: It (the dog) ran up to me?
a. personal, human, definite
b. personal, human, indefinite
*c. non-human, animate
d. personal non-human, inanimate
275. What is the subject categorical meaning of the following sentence: It (my watch) is fast?
a. personal, human, definite
b. personal, human, indefinite
c. personal, non-human, animate
*d. non-human, inanimate
276. What is the subject categorical meaning of the following sentence: It is never late to learn?
a. personal
*b. impersonal
c. verbal
d. nominal
277. What is the predicate categorical meaning of the following sentence: The window is opening?
*a. verbal actional
b. verbal statal
c.nominal factual
d.nominal perceptual
278. What is the predicate categorical meaning of the following sentence: The window is glistening?
a. verbal actional
*b. verbal statel
c.nominal factual
d.nominal perceptual
279. What is the predicate categorical meaning of the following sentence: It rains ?
a. verbal actional
b. verbal statal
*c.nominal factual
d.nominal perceptual
280. What is the predicate categorical meaning of the following sentence: It smells of hay ?
a. verbal actional
b. verbal statal
c.nominal factual
*d.nominal perceptual
281. According to subject-predicate relation where can we include the following sentence: John lives in London ?
*a. subjective sentences
b. objective sentences
c. neutral sentences
d. predicative sentences
282. According to subject-predicate relation where can we include the following sentence: John is reading a book?
a. subjective sentences
*b. objective sentences
c. neutral sentences
d. predicative sentences
283. According to subject-predicate relation where can we include the following sentence: John is reading ?
a. subjective sentences
b. objective sentences
*c. subject-predicate relation
d. predicative sentences
284. What is the classification of simple verbal predicate?
*a. synthetic (come, comes, came) and analytical (will come, has come)
b. compound verbal aspect predicate and the compound verbal modal
c. compound nominal and compound verbal
d. modal nominal and aspect nominal
285. What is the classification of compound verbal predicate?
a. synthetic (come, comes, came) and analytical (will come, has come)
*b. compound verbal aspect predicate and the compound verbal modal predicate
c. compound nominal and compound verbal
d. modal nominal and aspect nominal
286. What does the object denote?
a. different circumstances of the action: time, place, purpose, consequence, manner, attendant circumstances
b. modifies a noun or a noun equivalent and characterizes it as to its quality or property
*c. a thing that the action passes on
d. grammatically dependent on any particular part of the sentence
287. What does the attribute denote?
a. different circumstances of the action: time, place, purpose, consequence, manner, attendant circumstances
*b. modifies a noun or a noun equivalent and characterizes it as to its quality or property
c. a thing that the action passes on
d. grammatically dependent on any particular part of the sentence
288. What does the adverbial modifier denote?
*a. different circumstances of the action: time, place, purpose, consequence, manner, attendant circumstances,cause ,concession
b. modifies a noun or a noun equivalent and characterizes it as to its quality or property
c. a thing that the action passes on
d. grammatically dependent on any particular part of the sentence
289. What is the semantic classification of the object?
a. simple, phrasal, complex or clausal
b. simple, phrasal or clausal
*c. direct, indirect and cognate
d. descriptive, restrictive or appositive
290. What is the semantic classification of the attribute?
a. simple, phrasal, complex or clausal
b. simple, phrasal or clausal
c. direct, indirect and cognate
*d. descriptive, restrictive or appositive
291. What is the structural classification of the adverbial modifier?
*a. simple, phrasal, complex or clausal
b. simple, phrasal or clausal
c. direct, indirect and cognate
d. descriptive, restrictive or appositive
292. What are independent elements of the sentence?
a. secondary parts of the sentence
b. primary parts of the sentence
*c. modal word or phrase, interjection, conjunct, a prepositional phrase, an infinitival or participial phrase, a clause
d. separate units of the sentence
293. Who introduced IC model of the sentence?
a. M.Blokh
b. N.Chomsky
c .J. Austen
*d. Ch. Fries
294. Who introduced the terms “transform” and “transformation”?
a. M.Blokh
*b. N.Chomsky
c .J. Austen
d. Ch. Fries

295. What do composite sentences denote?

*a. a complicated act of thought and reflects two or more situational events as making a unity.
b. a syntactic non-communicative unit of an intermediary status between the sentence and the word-group
c. based on coordination: the clauses are equal in rank, “equipotent”
d. connected on the basis of subordination, with one of the clauses dominating the other(s)
296. The composite sentence is differentiated into.....
a. simple and compound
*b.compound and complex
c. nominal and verbal
d. one member and two member
297. What is compound sentence?
a. a complicated act of thought and reflects two or more situational events as making a unity.
b. a syntactic non-communicative unit of an intermediary status between the sentence and the word-group
*c. based on coordination: the clauses are equal in rank
d. connected on the basis of subordination, with one of the clauses dominating the other(s)
298. What is complex sentence?
a. a complicated act of thought and reflects two or more situational events as making a unity.
b. a syntactic non-communicative unit of an intermediary status between the sentence and the word-group
c. based on coordination: the clauses are equal in rank, “equipotent”
*d. connected on the basis of subordination, with one of the clauses dominating the other(s)
299. How do we call dominating clause in the complex sentence?
*a. principle
b. head
c. subordinate
d. adjunct
300. How do we call dominated clause in the complex sentence?
a. principle
b. head
*c. subordinate
d. adjunct
301. What are types of coordinate connection?
*a. copulative, adversative, disjunctive, causative-consecutive
b. substantive-nominal, qualification –nominal, adverbial
c. monolithic complexes, optional subordinate connection, segregative complexes
d. subject, predicative, objective, attributive and adverbial clauses
302. What does copulative connection imply?
*a. the events denoted by the clauses are merely united in time and place
b. opposition, contradiction or contrast using the connectors but, while, whereas, yet, still, nevertheless, only
c. a choice between two mutually exclusive alternatives
d. two clauses, one of which denotes the reason (cause) of an action and the other, the consequence
303. What does adversative connection imply?
a. the events denoted by the clauses are merely united in time and place
*b. opposition, contradiction or contrast using the connectors such as :but, while, whereas, yet, still, nevertheless, only
c. a choice between two mutually exclusive alternatives
d. two clauses, one of which denotes the reason (cause) of an action and the other, the consequence
304. What does disjunctive connection imply?
a. the events denoted by the clauses are merely united in time and place
b. opposition, contradiction or contrast using the connectors but, while, whereas, yet, still, nevertheless, only
*c. a choice between two mutually exclusive alternatives
d. two clauses, one of which denotes the reason (cause) of an action and the other, the consequence
305. What does causative-consecutive connection imply?
a. the events denoted by the clauses are merely united in time and place
b. opposition, contradiction or contrast using the connectors but, while, whereas, yet, still, nevertheless, only
c. a choice between two mutually exclusive alternatives
*d. two clauses, one of which denotes the reason (cause) of an action and the other, the consequence

306. Who divided elementary complex sentences into one-member and two member sentences?

a. N.Chomsky
b.Ch.Fries
c.M. Blokh
*d. N.Pospelov
307. What is one member elementary complex sentence?
*a. a comparatively close (obligatory) connection between clauses: the subordinate clause is so closely related (formally and semantically) to the principal clause that the principal clause could not exist without it as a complete syntactic unit
b. a comparatively loose (optional) connection between clauses: the subordinate clause could be deleted from the sentence without destroying the structural completeness of the principal clause
c. the subordinate clause is fused with the principal claused
d. the subordinate clause is governed by the valency of the verb in the principal clause
308. What is two member elementary complex sentences?
a. a comparatively close (obligatory) connection between clauses: the subordinate clause is so closely related (formally and semantically) to the principal clause that the principal clause could not exist without it as a complete syntactic unit
*b. a comparatively loose (optional) connection between clauses: the subordinate clause could be deleted from the sentence without destroying the structural completeness of the principal clause
c. the subordinate clause is fused with the principal claused
d. the subordinate clause is governed by the valency of the verb in the principal clause
309. According to the traditional classification, morphemes are divided into …..
*a. root and affixal
b. derivational and inflectional
c. segmental and supra segmental
d. prefixes and suffixes
310. What does the root morpheme express?
*a. the concrete, "material" part of the meaning of the word
b. the specificational part of the meaning of the word
c. the specifications being of lexico-semantic character
d. the specifications being of grammatico-semantic character.
311. What does the affixal morpheme express?
a. the concrete, "material" part of the meaning of the word
*b. the specificational part of the meaning of the word
c. the specifications being of lexico-semantic character
d. the specifications being of grammatico-semantic character
312. throughout — a composite word, in which -out serves as..........
a. preposition
b. suffix
*c. root
d. inflexion
313. What is the abstract complete morphemic model of the common English word?
a. prefix + root + lexical suffix
b. prefix + root + grammatical suffix.
c. root + lexical suffix+grammatical suffix.
*d. prefix + root + lexical suffix+grammatical suffix.

314. What are productive bound morphemes?

a. -(e)s [-z, -s, -iz]; -(e)d [-d, -t, -id]
b. -(e)d [-d, -t, -id]; -ing
c. – er, - est
*d. -(e)s [-z, -s, -iz]; -(e)d [-d, -t, -id]; -ing; -er, -est

315. Choose the example to privative morphological opposition of grammatical form

a. learned – learnt
*b. work – worked
c. am – is – are
d. big – bigger – biggest
316. Choose the example to equipollent morphological opposition of grammatical form
a. learned – learnt
b. work – worked
*c. am – is – are
d. big – bigger – biggest
317. Choose the example to gradual morphological opposition of grammatical form
a. learned – learnt
b. work – worked
c. am – is – are
*d. big – bigger – biggest
318. What are classes of grammatical forms?
a. inner inflexion and outer inflexion
b. stress and intonation
*c. synthetical and analytical
d. sound interchange and suppletivity
318. How are synthetical grammatical forms realised?
*a. by the inner morphemic structure of the word
b. by a combination of at least two words, one of which is a grammatical auxiliary (word-morpheme), and the other, a word of "substantial" meaning
c. phonemic (vowel) interchange
d. the correlation of different roots as a means of paradigmatic differentiation
319. How are analytical grammatical forms realised?
a. by the inner morphemic composition of the word
*b. by the combination of at least two words, one of which is a grammatical auxiliary (word-morpheme), and the other is a notional word or word order in the sentence
c. phonemic (vowel) interchange
d. the correlation of different roots as a means of paradigmatic differentiation
320. What is inner inflexion?
a. by the inner morphemic composition of the word
b. by a combination of at least two words, one of which is a grammatical auxiliary (word-morpheme), and the other, a word of "substantial" meaning
*c. phonemic (vowel) interchange in the root morpheme
d. the correlation of different roots as a means of paradigmatic differentiation
321. What is suppletivity?
a. by the inner morphemic composition of the word
b. by a combination of at least two words, one of which is a grammatical auxiliary (word-morpheme), and the other, a word of "substantial" meaning
c. phonemic (vowel) interchange
*d. the correlation of different roots as a means of paradigmatic differentiation
322. What does traditional grammar refer to?
*a “the grammars written by classical Greek scholars, the Roman grammars largely derived from the Greek, the speculative work of the medievals, and the prescriptive approach of the eighteenth-century grammarians”
b. “any approach to the analysis of language that pays explicit attention to the way in which linguistic features can be described in terms of structures and systems”
c. the theory which has been developed by Chomsky since the 1950s till now
323 Who made an important contribution in the foundation of structural linguistics?
a.C.Fries
b. Noam Chomsky
*c. F.de Saussure
d.N.Trubetzkoy
324. Who is the founder of transformational grammar?
*a .Noam Chomsky
b.C.Fries
c.R.Jakobson
d.L.Bloomfield
325. How did the first traditional grammar appear?
*a. By the early Greeks
b. By Latin grammars
c. By American structuralists
d.By Noam Chomsky
326. What does the structural school study?
a. defining and classifying English words into parts-of-speech categories, and proceed from there to more inclusive sentences components until they arrive at a discussion of the sentence itself
*b. an analysis of the sounds of the language in general, and then goes on to isolate mutually exclusive groups of sounds which have semantic significance, the phonemes,… then to the word structure… finally the phrase structure, or syntax, of English… ways in which words can be combined to produce grammatical English sentences
c. a set of rules that defines the unlimited number of sentences of the language and associates each with an appropriate grammatical description
327. What does the transformational school study?
a. defining and classifying English words into parts-of-speech categories, and proceed from there to more inclusive sentences components until they arrive at a discussion of the sentence itself
b. an analysis of the sounds of the language in general, and then goes on to isolate mutually exclusive groups of sounds which have semantic significance, the phonemes,… then to the word structure… finally the phrase structure, or syntax, of English… ways in which words can be combined to produce grammatical English sentences
*c. a set of rules that defines the unlimited number of sentences of the language and associates each with an appropriate grammatical description
328. Traditional grammarians make use of terms such as.......
a. transformations, generate and generative
b. phonemes, morphemes
*c. subject, object, and complement, singular and plural
329. Structural grammarians make use of terms such as.......
a. transformations, generate and generative
*b. phonemes, morphemes
c. subject, object, and complement, singular and plural
330. Transformational grammarians make use of terms such as.......
*a. transformations, generate and generative
b. phonemes, morphemes
c. subject, object, and complement, singular and plural
331. How is traditional grammar considered in terms of formal and functional approaches to grammar?
*a. prescriptive
b. descriptive
c. mental
d.transformational
332. How is structural grammar considered in terms of formal and functional approaches to grammar?
a. prescriptive
*b. descriptive
c. mental
d.transformational

333. The aim of theoretical grammar is.....

a. to describe grammar rules that are necessary to understand and make sentences;
b. to analyze semantic structure of words and paradigmatic relations within vocabulary;
*c. to describe and analyze the grammatical system of a language;
d. to describe the means of word formation and word-building patterns.
334. What is the proper correlation of the semantic approach to classify words into parts of speech and their main ideas?
*a. is based on the similarity of lexical meaning concerning class of words
b. concerns the syntactic function of words in the sentence and their combinability
c. reveals paradigmatic properties: relevant grammatical categories, the form of the words, their specific inflectional and derivational features
335. What is the proper correlation of the functional approach to classify words into parts of speech and their main ideas?
a. is based on the similarity of lexical meaning
*b. concerns the syntactic function of words in the sentence and their combinability
c. reveals paradigmatic properties: relevant grammatical categories, the form of the words, their specific inflectional and derivational features
336. What is the proper correlation of the formal approach to classify words into parts of speech and their main ideas?
a. is based on the similarity of lexical meaning
b. concerns the syntactic function of words in the sentence and their combinability
*c. reveals paradigmatic properties: relevant grammatical categories, the form of the words, their specific inflectional and derivational features
337. The major tense-distinction in English, according to modern morphological theory, is … .
a. b,c,d
*b. is best regarded as a contrast of past::non-past
c. best regarded as a contrast of present::non-present
d. is described as an opposition of future::non future

338. The Prague school mostly developed … approach in linguistics.

a. transformational;
b. stratificational;
c. structural;
* d. functional approach combined with functional
339. Charles Fries introduced … .
a. parts of speech and function words
*b. four major classes of words and fifteen form-classes
c. declinable and indeclinable parts of speech
d. notional and functional parts of speech
340. Which of the syntactic functions is not fulfilled by the noun in English?