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RAVISH DARAJALARI
Ko‘pgina ravishlarning, ayniqsa holat ravishlarining darajalari sifatlarning darajalariga o‘xshaydi. Bir bo‘g‘inli sodda ravishlarning qiyosiy darajasi –er qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish bilan, orttirma darajasi esa -est qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish bilan yasaladi.
Sifatga -ly qo‘shimchasi qo‘shib yasalgan ravishlarning qiyosiy darajasi uning oldiga more, orttirma darajasi esa oldiga most qo‘yish bilan yasaladi:
Often tez-tez, quickly tez, slowly sekin ravishlarining darajalari har ikkala yo‘l bilan yasaladi.
Quyidagi ravishlarning darajalari ular yasalgan sifatlarga o‘xshab qoidaga bo‘ysunmasdan yasaladi.
L ESSON 5-6 VERBS. AUXILLARY VERBS (FE’LLAR. YORDAMCHI FE’LLAR) Fe’l deb ish harakat va holatni anglatib nima bo’lmoq nima qilmoq so’roqlariga javob bo’ladigan so’z turkumiga aytiladi. Fe’llar asosan 3 ga bo’linadi: Asosiy fe’l Yordamchi fe’l Modal fe’llari. Asosiy fe’l gapning hukmron qismi bo’lib asosan ish harakatni anglatadi. He speaks in English. ( U inglizcha gapiradi.) I like apples. (Men olmani yoqtiraman.) Yordamchi fe’l asosiy fe’l yo’q paytda yoki gaplarni so’roq va inkor formasini hosil qilish uchun ichlatiladigan fe’l shakli. Ular 3 turga bo’linadi. TO BE TO HAVE TO DO Modal fe’llari asosiy fe’llarga birikib fe’llarning modallik manosini anglatadi. Can, could, may, might, must, should, have to, va b modal fellari mavjud. TO BE FE’LI To be feli o’zbek tiliga bo’lmoq deb tarjima qilinadi u asosan shaxs va narsa buyumning holatini nomini, sifatini va unga berilgan nisbatni anglatib keladi. He is Dilshod. He is handsome. He is doctor. To be fe’lining 3 xil zamon shakllari mavjud: Simple present: am, is, are. Simple Past: were, was Simle future: shall, will To be felining shaxslarda tuslanishi: Simple present: am, is, are I - am we are You - are you are He/She/It is they are M: I am student. He is student. They are students. Simple Past: were, was I - was we were You - were you were He/She/It was they were M: I was student. He was student. They were students. Simle future shall, will I - shall we shall You - will you will He/She/It will they will M: I shall be student. He will be student To be yordamchi feli qatnashgan gaplarning bo‘lishsiz formasini hosil qilishda to be fe’lining tegishli shaklaridan keyin not inkor yuklamasi qo‘yiladi: I am not student. I was not doctor. He willnot be teacher. To be yordamchi feli qatnashgan gaplarning so‘roq formasini hosil qilishda to be fe’lining shakllari egadan oldinga o‘tkaziladi: Am I student? Were you a doctor? Will you be teacher? Og‘zaki nutqda To be yordamchi felining, Simple Present bo‘lishli shaklida odatda quyidagi qisqartirmalar yuz beradi: I am =I’m We are = we’re You are = you’re You are = you’re He is =he’s She is = she’s It is = it’s They are = they’re To be yordamchi felining Simple Present bo‘lishsiz shaklida quyidagi qisqartirishlar yuz beradi: I am not = I’m not He is not = he’s not yoki he isn’t She is not = she’s not yoki she isn’t It is not = it’s not yoki it isn’t We are not = we’re not yoki we aren’t You are not = you’re not yoki you aren’t They are not = they’re not yoki they aren’t To be yordamchi felining Simple Past bo‘lishsiz shaklida quyidagi qisqartirishlar yuz beradi: I (he, she, it) was not = I (he, she, it) wasn’t We (you, they) were not = we(you, they) weren’t To be yordamchi felining Simple Future shaklida quyidagi qisqartirishlar yuz beradi: I shall = I’ll You will not = you won’t HAVE GOT / HAS GOT To have yordamchi feli o‘zbek tiliga “ega bo‘lmoq” “bor” deb tarjima qilinadi asosan shaxslarga tegishli bo’lgan narsalarga nisbatan ishlatiladi. To have yordamchi feli 3 xil ma’no va holatda ishlatiladi. I have abook. Bunda yordamchi fe’l “bor” ma’nosida ishlatilyapti. I have breakfast at 7 o’clock every day. Bunda have otga qo’shilib asosiy fe’l “nonushta qilmoq” ma’nosida ishlatilyapti I have cleaned the room. Bunda have participle (sifatdoshga) qo’shilib Perfect zamon shakli hosil qilish uchun ishlatilyapti. To have yordamchi felining 3 xil zamon shakli mavjud. Simple present: have, has “bor” Simple past: had “bor edi” Simple future: shall have, will have “bor bo’ladi” To have felining shaxslarda tuslanishi: Simple present: have, has I - have we have You - have you have He/She/It - has they have I have got black eyes. yoki I have black eyes. (Mening ko‘zlarim qora.) He has got a large family. yoki He has a large family. (Uning katta oilasi bor.) Simple Past: had I - had we - had You - had you - had He/She/It - had they - had I had some money. – (Menda (bir qancha) pul bor edi.) We had an animal at home. (Uyda hayvonimiz bor edi.) Simle future shall have, will have I - shall have we shall have You - will have you will have He/She/It wil lhave they will have I shall have a book next week. (Kelasi hafta menda kitob bor bo’ladi.) She will have a cat nex month. (Kelasi oyda unda mushuk bor bo’ladi.) To have yordamchi feli qatnashgan gaplarning bo‘lishsiz formasini hosil qilishda to have fe’lining tegishli shaklaridan keyin not inkor yuklamasi qo‘yiladi: I have not book. I has not dog. We had not pen. He will have not cat. To have yordamchi feli qatnashgan gaplarning so‘roq formasini hosil qilishda to have fe’lining shakllari egadan oldinga o‘tkaziladi: Have I book? Has sh a pen? Had you a dog? Will you have cat? Og‘zaki nutqda To have yordamchi felining, Simple Present bo‘lishli shaklida odatda quyidagi qisqartirmalar yuz beradi: I have =I’ve We have = we’ve You have = you’ve You have = you’ve He has =he’s She has = she’s It has = it’s They have = they’ve To have yordamchi felining Simple Present bo‘lishsiz shaklida quyidagi qisqartirishlar yuz beradi: I have not = I haven’t He has not = he hasn’t yoki he’s not She has not = she’s not yoki she hasn’t It has not = it’s not yoki it hasn’t We have not = we’ve not yoki we haven’t You have not = you’ve not yoki you haven’t They have not = they’ve not yoki they haven’t To have yordamchi felining Simple Past bo‘lishsiz shaklida quyidagi qisqartirishlar yuz beradi: I (he, she, it) had not = I (he, she, it) hadn’t We (you, they) had not = we(you, they) hadn’t To have yordamchi felining Simple Future shaklida quyidagi qisqartirishlar yuz beradi: I shall have = I’ll have You will not have = you won’t have. THERE IS / THERE ARE There is (There are) birikmalari o’zbek tiliga bor deb tarjima qilinadi asosan joylarda mavjud bo’lgan narsalar yoki shaxslar haqida gapirganda ishlatamiz. Mazkur konstruksiyali gaplardagi so‘zlar tartibi quyidagicha bo‘ladi: there is/are+ ega +o‘rin holi There is a newspaper on the table. (Stol ustida gazeta bor.) There are newspapers on the table. (Stol ustida gazetalar bor.) Eslatma: Gapda bir nechta ega kelgan bo‘lsa, kesim (to be) odatda, o‘zidan keyin birinchi kelgan ega bilan sonda moslashadi. There is a table and five chairs in the room. (Xonada stol va beshta stul bor.) Tasdiq, inkor va so‘roq gaplarning yasalishi: Birlik Tasdiq gap There is a book on the table. - Stol ustida kitob bor. There’s a good film on TV today. - Bugun televizorda yaxshi film bor. Inkor gap There is not any book on the table. - Stol ustida hech qanday kitob yo‘q. There isn’t any good film on TV today. Bugun televizorda hech qanday yaxshi film yo‘q. There is no good film on TV today. - Bugun televizorda yaxshi film yo‘q. So‘roq gap Is there any book on the table? - Stol ustida birorta kitob bormi? Is there any good film on TV today? - Bugun televizorda biror yaxshi film bormi? Download 0.91 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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