Ingliz va o‘zbek tili izohli lug‘atlarida

INGLIZ VA O‘ZBEK TILI IZOHLI LUG‘ATLARIDA KASB-HUNAR LEKSIKASINING TAVSIFI VA TALQINI
Xamzayev Otaxon Erkinovich
Termez davlat universiteti
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Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘atlarida kasb-hunarga oid leksemalar haqidagi ta’rif, izoh, sharh va tasniflar o‘rganib chiqilgan. Ushbu izohli lug‘atlarda berilgan ta’riflarning, misollarning farqlari tahlil qilingan.Inglizcha va o‘zbekcha lug‘atlarda keltirilgan izohlar tahlil natijasidan kelib chiqib ushbu leksikalar ikki tilda o‘z leksik fondidan kelib chiqib ta’riflansa ham umumiy mazmun-mohiyati jihatdan o‘xshash tomonlari ham aniqlangan.
Kalit so‘zlar: kasbga oid leksikalar, chog‘ishtirma tahlil, kasb, hunar, hunarmandchilik, tajriba, malaka.
Annotation. This article analysis of the definition, explanations, comments and classifications of lexemes related to profession in English and Uzbek language dictionaries are studied. The differences of the definitions and examples given in these annotated dictionaries are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis of the explanations given in the English and Uzbek dictionaries, even if these lexicons are defined based on their own lexical fund in both languages, similar aspects in terms of general content and essence have been identified.
Keywords: Vocational lexicons, Vocabulary cross analysis, profession, trade, craft, experience, qualification.
Ingliz va o‘zbek tillarining izohli lug‘atlarida kasb-hunar leksikasi va u bilan bog‘liq leksemalar har xil talqinga ega, mazkur izohlarning turlicha keltirilishi lug‘at mualliflarining tadqiq obyektiga o‘ziga xos yondashuvini belgilaydi.
Ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi izohli lug‘atlarda kasb-hunar tushunchalari quyidagicha izohlanadi:
Ingliz tilining mashhur “Macmillan English Dictionary” lug‘atida qayd etilishicha: profession a job that you need special skills and qualifications to do, especially one with high social status: the medical/legal/nursing/teaching profession [kasb - bu sizga maxsus ko'nikma va malaka talab qiladigan ish, ayniqsa yuqori ijtimoiy mavqega ega: tibbiyot/ yuridik/ hamshiralik/o‘qituvchilik kasbi], in a profession People in my profession have a duty to the public [kasbidan kelib chiqib har bir odamning jamiyat oldida burchi bor]. Member of profession We admit that a few mebers of our profession have behaved badly [Tan olamiz ba’zi kasbdoshlarimiz o‘zini yomon tutdi]. Go into/enter/join a profession. Her father discourages her from going into the legal profession. [Ishga kirmoq. Otasi uni advokatlik ishiga kirishiga to'sqinlik qildi]. 1a All the people who work in a particular profession: can be allowed by a singular or plural verb: The medical profession is always telling us we should exercise more.[Muayyan kasbda ishlaydigan barcha odamlar: Shifokorlik kasbi doimo ko‘proq mashq qilishni talab qiladi.] 2. A statement of a feeling or belief: a profession of faith phrases by profession as your profession or job: He was a teacher by profession [orzusidagi ish: Uning kasbi o‘qituvchi edi]¹.
Ayni shu manbada 1. craft a traditional skill of making things by hand, for example furniture or jewellery: the promotion of traditional Egyption arts and crafts, skilled craft workers [mebel yoki zargarlik buyumlari kabilarni qo‘lda yasashning an'anaviy mahorati, hunarmandchilik qilish: an'anaviy Misr san'ati va hunarmandlar, tajribali hunarmandlar].1 a. something produced skilfulli by hand, for example a plate or a piece of furniture: a display of local crafts.[qo'lda mohirlik bilan ishlab chiqarilgan narsa, masalan, plastinka yoki mebel: mahalliy hunarmandchilik ko‘rgazmasi] 2. A boat or ship: We passed several other craft on the river.[ Qayiq yoki kema: Biz daryoda bir nechta boshqa kemalardan o'tdik] 3. To make or produce something skilfully: finely crafted leather goods. There have been many attempts to craft a permanent peace settlement²[Biror narsani mohirlik bilan yasash yoki ishlab chiqarish: nozik ishlangan charm buyumlar. Doimiy tinchlik kelishuvini yaratishga ko‘p harakat qilindi].[Yuqoridagi tarjimalar muallif tomonidan amalga oshirildi].
Shuningdek, “Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary” lug‘atiga berilgan izohga ko‘ra profession 1. A type of job that needs special a belief or position that needs a high level of education: the medical/legal/teaching etc. profession, to enter/go/into/join a profession, the caring professions. He was an electrician by profession. She was at the very top of her profession.[ Ish-faoliyatiga doir ma’lum tajriba, tayyorgarlik talab etadigan biror turi, sohasi; tibbiyot/ yuridik/ o‘qituvchilik va hokazo, kasb ishga kirish/ ishga qabul qilinmoq. Uning kasbi elektrchi edi. U o‘z kasbining ustasi edi.] 2. The profession all people who work in a particular type of profession: The legal profession has always resisted change. [Kasb – bu barcha odamalr ishlaydiga faoliyat turlaridir. Advokatlik kasbi har doim o‘zgaruvchanlikni hushlamaydigan kasblardan biri.] 3. The professions the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or a lawyer: employment in industry and professions³.[ Shifokor yo advokat bo‘lmasin har bir ish malaka va tajriba, ko‘nikma talab qilinadi].
Shu manbada 1. craft an activity involving a special skill at making things with your hands: traditional crafts like basket-weaving a crafr fair/working, craft.[ o‘z qo‘llaringiz bilan narsalarni yasashda maxsus mahoratni o‘z ichiga olgan mashg‘ulot: savat to‘qish kabi an'anaviy hunarmandchilik. 2. all the skills needed for particular activity: chef who learned their craft in top hotels.[ muayyan faoliyat uchun zarur bo‘lgan barcha ko‘nikmalar: eng yaxshi mehmonxonalarda o‘z hunarini o‘rgangan oshpaz]. 3. skill in making people believe what you want them to believe: He knew how to win by craft and diplomacy what he could no gain by force. [Qobilyat odamlarni o‘ziga ishonchini ortiradi: U kuch bilan erisha olmaydigan narsani qobilyat va diplomatik yo‘l bilan erishishni biladi]. 4. craft a boat or ship: Hundereds of small craft bobbed around the liner as it streamed into the harbour.[ qayiq yoki kema yasash: portga oqib o‘tayotganda yuzlab kichik kemalar layner atrofida aylanardi.]5. to make something using special skills, especially with your hands. All the furniture is crafted from natural materials⁴[ mahoratini ishga solib qo‘li bilan biror narsa yasash. Barcha mebellar tabiiy materiallardan tayyorlangan].
Ingliz tilining mashhur “Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary” online lug‘atida ta’kidlanishicha: profession 1. any type of work that needs special training or a particular skill, often one that is respected because it involves a high level of education: [maxsus tayyorgarlik yoki ma'lum mahorat talab qiladigan har qanday ish, odatda yuqori darajadagi malaka talab qiladi, chunki u yuqori darajadagi ko‘nikmani taqazo etadi].Tadqiqotimizni obyekti ingliz va o‘zbek tillari bo‘lganligi sababli quyida keltirilgan misollar tarjimasiga to‘xtalmaymiz. He left the teaching profession in 1965 to start his own business;The report notes that 40 percent of lawyers entering the profession are women; Teaching as a profession is very underpaid.He's a doctor by profession.
2.The people who do a particular type of work, considered as a group: [Ma’lum bir ish doirasida ishlaydiganlar kasbdosh hisoblanadi] There's a feeling among the nursing profession that their work is undervalued.
3. Professions that need special training and skill, such as being a doctor or lawyer, but not work in business or industry:[Tadbirkorlik,fabrika ishchilariga qaraganda shifokor yoki advokat bo‘lish uchun ko‘p malaka va ko‘nikma kerak bo‘ladi].He reached the heights of his profession at the age of 35; Her ambition and determination ensured that she rose to the top of her profession; He's very highly regarded within his profession; She was, by profession, a lawyer;Until recently secretarial work and nursing were very much pink-collar professions⁵.
Shu manbada craft 1. skill and experience, especially in relation to making objects; a job or activity that needs skill and experience, or something produced using skill and experience:[mahorat va tajriba, ayniqsa qolda yasaladigan buyumlar bilan bog‘liq; mahorat va tajribani talab qiladigan ish yoki faoliyat yoki mahorat va tajriba yordamida ishlab chiqarilgan narsa]. the craft of furniture making/sewing/glassblowing;political/literary craft; rural/ ancient/ traditional crafts; craft workers (= skilled workers). 2. craft to make objects, especially in a skilled way:[mohirlik bilan qo‘ldan tayyorlanagn buyum].These bracelets were crafted by Native Americans;a beautifully crafted silver brooch⁶.
Ingliz tilining “Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary” online lug‘atida berilishicha: 1. A profession is a type of job that requires advanced education or training [Kasb - bu oliy ma'lumot yoki tmalaka talab qiladigan ish turi]. Harper was a teacher by profession; Only 20 per cent of jobs in the professions are held by women⁷.
Shu manbada 1. A craft is an activity such as weaving, carving, or pottery that involves making things skilfully with your hands[Hunarmandchilik - bu to‘quv, o‘ymakorlik yoki kulolchilik kabi mashg'ulotni o‘z ichiga oluvchi hunar hisoblanadi]..the arts and crafts of the North American Indians; All kinds of traditional craft industries are preserved here. 2.If something is crafted, it is made skilfully [Agar biror narsa sifatli qilingan bo'lsa, u mohirlik bilan qilingan].The windows would probably have been crafted in the latter part of the Middle Ages; Many delegates were willing to craft a compromise;The author extracts the maximum from every carefully-crafted scene in this witty tale; ...original, hand-crafted bags at affordable prices⁸.
Ingliz tilining mashhur “Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English” online lug‘atida qayd etilishicha: 1.profession that needs a high level of education and training[yuqori darajadagi malaka va ko‘nikmani talab qiladigan ish]:the legal/medical/teaching etc profession; members of the teaching profession;enter/go into/join a profession; Some students enter other professions such as arts administration; people who work in the professions (=doctors, lawyers etc);by profession; Johnson was a barrister by profession;nurses, social workers, and other people in the caring professions (=ones that involve looking after people).2. all the people who work in a particular profession[odamlar faoliyat yuritadigan ish]: Our profession have been keen to use new technology. 3.a statement of your belief, opinion, or feeling profession of the legal profession [kelajakdagi yoki orzusidagi kasb]: He followed his father into the legal profession. [the medical profession]; The medical profession is still divided about the main cause of heart attacks.[the teaching profession]; There are not enough physicists entering the teaching profession.[the accountancy/accounting profession]; Many economics graduates enter the accountancy profession.[the nursing profession]; Mary had retired from the nursing profession.[the caring professions (=ones that involve looking after people)].
Shu manbada 1. crafts a job or activity in which you make things with your hands, and that you usually need skill to do [o‘z qo‘llaringiz bilan narsalarni tayyorlaydigan va odatda bajarish uchun malaka talab qiladigan ish yoki faoliyatni] → handicraft,traditional rural crafts, arts and crafts.2. formal the skills needed for a particular profession.[Malaka talab qiladigan kasb]. The musician spends years perfecting his craft⁹.
Z.M.Ma’rufov tahriri ostida 1981-yilda chop etilgan ikki tomli “O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati”da kasb leksemasi arabcha so‘z bo‘lib, quyidagicha izohlanadi: Ish-faoliyatning ma’lum tajriba, tayyorgarlik talab etadigan biror turi, sohasi; hunar. Bu kishi o‘zlari hosilot, kasblari agronom, kechki maktabda muallimlik ham qiladilar. A . Qahxor, Qo‘shchinor. Kasbim to‘quvchilik, Shokirbek . A. Qodiriy, O‘tgan kunlar. salb . Umuman odat qilingan ish; odat. Foydaxo‘rlik — tan - suyagingizga singib ketgan kasbingiz . H. G‘ulom, Mash’al. Xotinini qo‘shib amal olish u sizning kasbingiz, ming boshi! M. Ismoiliy, Farg‘ona t. o¹⁰.
Shu manbada hunar leksemasi fors-tojikcha so‘z bo‘lib, quyidagicha ta’riflanadi: 1. Kishining muayyan tayyorgarlik talab qiladigan, tirikchiligining asosiy manbai hisoblangan mashg‘uloti; kasb. Tikansiz gul bo‘lmas, mashaqqatsiz hunar. Maqol. Yigit kishiga yetmish hunar oz. Maqol.! – Onam – o‘qituvchi , Bir hunari – to‘quvchi, Men - chi a’lo o‘quvchi, Men baxtiyor pioner. Q. Muhammadiy. Yigitning qo‘lida gulday hunari bor. Oybek, Qutlug‘ qon. Otasining hunarini yaxshi egallab olgan bu yigitcha uchun qishloqda ish ko‘p edi. S. Ahmad, Hukm. Seryoja Astaxov va Volodya Berejnoy urush boshlanmasdan ilgari temir yo‘l hunar maktabida o‘qir edi. A. Rahmat, Soqov bola.
2. Ustalik, san’at, mahorat. Maqtanma g‘oz – hunaring oz. Maqol. – Ammo odamni ishi tanitadi. Bo‘zchining hunari to‘qigan bo‘zidan ko‘rinadi. Oybek, Navoiy. Muncha ham bejirim qo‘l hunaringiz . Qar qatim, har chokda katta mahorat. G‘ayratiy. – Hazilmi ? Chekinish uchun ham hunar kerak .. bu ham san’at talab qiladi, – dedi Dubov zaharxanda bilan . Oybek, Quyosh qoraymas.