International Economics
Download 7.1 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Dominick-Salvatore-International-Economics
.8%
8 .8% 17 .1% 16 .9% South & Central America 8 .4 25 .6 1 .7 1 .1 2 .7 0 .8 3 .2 4 .0 Europe 16 .8 18 .7 71 .0 52 .4 36 .2 12 .1 17 .2 39 .4 Commonwealth Independent States (CIS) a 0 .6 1 .3 3 .2 18 .6 0 .4 0 .5 1 .8 2 .7 Africa 1 .7 2 .6 3 .1 1 .5 12 .3 3 .2 2 .7 3 .0 Middle East 2 .7 2 .6 3 .0 3 .3 3 .7 10 .0 4 .2 3 .8 Asia 21 .0 23 .2 9 .3 14 .9 24 .1 52 .6 52 .6 28 .4 World 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 a Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Ubzbekistan. Note: The values may not add up to 100.0 percent because of incomplete coverage and rounding. Source: World Trade Organization, International Trade Statistics (Geneva: WTO, 2011), Table 1.5. ■ TABLE 1.8. Leading Exporters and Importers of Merchandise, 2010 (billion dollars and percentage share of world total) Exporters Importers Rank Country Value Share (%) Rank Country Value Share (%) 1 China $1,578 10 .4 1 United States $1,969 12 .8 2 United States 1,278 8 .4 2 China 1,395 9 .1 3 Germany 1,269 8 .3 3 Germany 1,067 6 .9 4 Japan 770 5 .1 4 Japan 694 4 .5 5 Netherlands 573 3 .8 5 France 606 3 .9 6 France 521 3 .4 6 United Kingdom 560 3 .6 7 Korea, Rep. of 466 3 .1 7 Netherlands 517 3 .4 8 Italy 448 2 .9 8 Italy 484 3 .1 9 Belgium 412 2 .7 9 Korea, Rep. of 425 2 .8 10 United Kingdom 406 2 .7 10 Canada 402 2 .6 Total of above 7,721 50 .8 Total of above 8,119 52 .7 World a 15,237 100 .0 World a 15,402 100 .0 a Includes significant re-exports. Source: World Trade Organization, International Trade Statistics, (Geneva WTO, 2011), Table 1.8. and importers of services. Note that trade in commercial services is now between one-quarter and one-fifth of merchandise trade and has been growing more rapidly than the latter as a reflection of the shift toward a service economy in most countries, especially the advanced countries and emerging markets. Salvatore c01.tex V2 - 10/26/2012 12:40 A.M. Page 24 24 Introduction ■ TABLE 1.9. Leading Exporters and Importers of Commercial Services, 2010 (billion dollars and percentage share of world total) Exporters Importers Rank Country Value Share (%) Rank Country Value Share (%) 1 United States $518 14 .0 1 United States $358 10 .2 2 Germany 232 6 .3 2 Germany 260 7 .4 3 United Kingdom 227 6 .1 3 China 192 5 .5 4 China 170 4 .6 4 United Kingdom 161 4 .6 5 France 143 3 .9 5 Japan 156 4 .4 6 Japan 139 3 .8 6 France 129 3 .7 7 India 123 3 .3 7 India 116 3 .3 8 Spain 123 3 .3 8 Ireland 108 3 .1 9 Netherlands 113 3 .1 9 Italy 108 3 .1 10 Singapore 112 3 .0 10 Netherlands 106 3 .0 Total of above 1,900 51 .4 Total of above 1,694 48 .3 World 3,695 100 .0 World 3,510 100 .0 Source: World Trade Organization, Annual Trade Statistics, (Geneva WTO, 2011), Table I.10. A1.2 Sources of Additional International Data and Information The most important sources for national and international trade and financial data, as well as for current events, are the following. PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Economic Report of the President (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, annual) contains chapters on recent economic events, as well as time series data on the U.S. economy (including international trade and finance). Federal Reserve Bulletin (Washington, D.C.: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, monthly) includes a great deal of trade and financial information and data for the United States and other nations. Statistical Abstract of the United States (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, annual) includes a large amount of data on the United States, as well as comparative international statistics. Survey of Current Business (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, monthly) contains summary data on international trade by commodity group and geographic area, as well as other domestic and international data. PUBLISHED BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook. (Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, annual) includes detailed balance of payments statistics on 165 countries. Salvatore c01.tex V2 - 10/26/2012 12:40 A.M. Page 25 A1.2 Sources of Additional International Data and Information 25 Direction of Trade Statistics. (Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, quarterly and annual) includes detailed data on the exports and imports of each of 159 countries to and from every other country of the world. International Financial Statistics. (Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, monthly and annual) includes a great variety of economic data on 194 countries. International Trade Statistics. (Geneva: World Trade Organization, annual) gives trade data on each of 154 member countries and various groupings of nations. Main Economic Indicators. (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Develop- ment, monthly and annual) includes a wide variety of economic data on the 34 member countries of OECD. OECD Economic Outlook. (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, June and December of each year) contains analyses of recent events and OECD projections about future economic activity, as well as summary data tables on the 34 member countries and groups of countries. World Economic Outlook. (Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, April and Octo- ber of each year) contains analyses of recent events and IMF projections about future economic activity, as well as summary data tables on the leading industrial countries and groups of countries. World Development Report. (Oxford University Press, for the World Bank, annual) contains economic and social data for developing countries, as well as analysis of recent events and projections for the future. CURRENT EVENTS SOURCES Chicago Tribune (daily) Financial Times (daily) Los Angeles Times (daily) New York Times (daily) Wall Street Journal (daily) Washington Post (daily) Business Week (weekly) The Economist (weekly) Forbes (biweekly) Fortune (biweekly) Federal Reserve Bulletin (monthly) IMF Survey Magazine (biweekly) Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (published by the United Nations, monthly) Salvatore c01.tex V2 - 10/26/2012 12:40 A.M. Page 26 26 Introduction S E L E C T E D B I B L I O G R A P H Y For discussion and evaluation of the economic effects of global- ization: ■ P. Krugman, Pop Internationalism (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1996). ■ D. Rodrik. Has Globalization Gone Too Far? (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1997). ■ J. Stiglitz, Globalization and Its Discontents (New York: Nor- ton, 2003). ■ S. C. Scott and R. Z. Lawrence, Has Globalization Gone Far Enough? (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Eco- nomics, 2004). ■ D. Salvatore, Globalization, Growth and Poverty. Special Issue of the Journal Policy Modeling, June 2004. ■ J. Stiglitz and A. Charlton, Fair Trade for All (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006). ■ G. de la Dehesa, Winners and Losers in Globalization (Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2006). ■ A. Blinder, “Offshoring: The Next Industrial Revolution,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2006, pp. 113–128. ■ J. Bhagwati, In Defense of Globalization (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007). ■ T. Friedman, The World Is Flat: Further Expanded and Updated (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2007). ■ EEAG, “The Effects of Globalization on Western European Jobs: A Curse or a Blessing?” in EEAG Report of the Euro- pean Economy 2008 (Munich: EEAG, 2008, pp. 71–104). ■ D. Salvatore, “The Challenges to the Liberal Trading System,” Journal of Policy Modeling, July/August 2009, pp. 593–599. Books that reprint many classic articles on international trade and international finance from economic journals that are useful for advanced undergraduates and graduate students are: ■ H. S. Ellis and L. A. Metzler, eds., Readings in the Theory of International Trade (Homewood, Ill.: Irwin, 1950). ■ R. E. Caves and H. G. Johnson, eds., Readings in International Economics (Homewood, Ill.: Irwin, 1968). ■ J. N. Bhagwati, ed., International Trade (Baltimore: Penguin, 1969). ■ R. N. Cooper, ed., International Finance (Baltimore: Penguin, 1969). ■ J. N. Bhagwati, ed., International Trade: Selected Readings, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987). Some excellent surveys in trade theory for more advanced stu- dents are: ■ J. N. Bhagwati, “The Pure Theory of International Trade,” Economic Journal , March 1964, pp. 1–84. ■ J. Chipman, “A Survey of the Theory of International Trade, Download 7.1 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling