International Economics
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Dominick-Salvatore-International-Economics
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(the interest rate at the original equilibrium level), but this is only by coincidence. That is, i can also be higher or lower than i E , depending on where the LM , BP , and IS curves intersect. Note that if the LM and IS curves intersected below the BP curve rather than above it as in the left panel of Figure 19.6 (i.e., if point E ∗ had been below rather than above point H ), then the nation would have a deficit in its balance of payments. In that case, the nation’s currency would depreciate (i.e., the BP curve would shift to the right and so would the IS curve) until the LM and IS curves intersected on the BP curve and the nation was in equilibrium in all three markets. If the LM and IS curves intersected on the BP curve, there would be no change in the nation’s exchange rate and no further shift in the BP and IS curves, so that the result would be the same as under fixed exchange rates. 19.4 Effect of Economic Shocks and Macroeconomic Policies on Aggregate Demand in Open Economies with Flexible Prices In the real world, any change that affects the IS, LM , or BP curves can affect the nation’s aggregate demand curve, depending on whether the nation operates under fixed or flexible exchange rates. In this section, we examine the effect of real and monetary shocks as well as fiscal and monetary policies on aggregate demand in open economies with flexible prices under fixed and flexible exchange rates. Salvatore c19.tex V2 - 11/15/2012 6:52 A.M. Page 627 19.4 Effect of Economic Shocks and Macroeconomic Policies on Aggregate Demand 627 19.4 A Real-Sector Shocks and Aggregate Demand Starting from equilibrium point E in both panels of Figure 19.7, suppose that the nation’s exports increase or the nation’s imports decrease because of an increase in foreign prices or a change in tastes at home or abroad. The increase in the nation’s exports or reduction in the nation’s imports in the face of constant domestic prices leads to an improvement in the nation’s trade balance and causes the nation’s IS and BP curves to shift to the right to IS and BP . Since the intersection of the IS and LM curves at point E is above the BP curve, the nation would have a surplus in its balance of payments. Under fixed exchange rates, this leads to an inflow of international reserves and an increase in the nation’s money supply, which causes a rightward shift in the LM curve to LM , thus defining new equilibrium point E . The movement from point E to point E in the left panel of Figure 19.7 is shown by the shift in the nation’s aggregate demand curve from AD to AD in the right panel. That is, at the given domestic price of P E , the nation’s output is now Y instead of Y because of the autonomous increase in the nation’s exports or reduction in the nation’s imports. The result is different if the nation had flexible exchange rates, but we can still utilize Figure 19.7 to analyze this case. With flexible exchange rates, the potential surplus in the nation’s balance of payments resulting at point E in the left panel of Figure 19.7 leads to an appreciation of the nation’s currency and a leftward shift of the BP curve back to its original position of BP (instead of the nation’s money supply increasing and causing the Download 7.1 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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