International Economics
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Dominick-Salvatore-International-Economics
LM curve to shift to the right to LM
, as in the fixed exchange rate case). The appreciation of the nation’s currency (and leftward shift of the BP curve back to BP ) is accompanied by a leftward shift in the IS curve back to its original IS position (as the trade balance returns to its original level as a result of the appreciation of the nation’s currency). Thus, an autonomous improvement in the nation’s trade balance has no lasting effect on the nation’s i i E Y'' Y E Y 0 i' P P E Y E Y 0 Y' E IS IS' E'' BP' LM' BP LM E' Y'' AD'' AD E E'' FIGURE 19.7. Changes in the Nation’s Trade Balance and Aggregate Demand. Starting from point E in both panels, an increase in the nation’s exports and/or reduction in the nation’s imports with unchanged domestic prices causes the IS and BP curves to shift rightward to IS and BP . Under fixed exchange rates, this leads to a surplus in the nation’s balance of payments and a rightward shift of the LM curve to LM , which defines new equilibrium point E . Thus, the AD curve shifts rightward to AD . With flexible exchange rates, the nation’s currency appreciates so that the BP and IS curves shift back to BP and IS at original equilibrium point E in both panels. Salvatore c19.tex V2 - 11/15/2012 6:52 A.M. Page 628 628 Prices and Output in an Open Economy: Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply level of output and aggregate demand (i.e., the nation returns to equilibrium point E in the left panel and point E on aggregate demand curve AD in the right panel) under flexible exchange rates. An autonomous worsening of the nation’s trade balance would have the opposite effect. 19.4 B Monetary Shocks and Aggregate Demand Starting from equilibrium point E in both panels of Figure 19.8, suppose that there is a short-term capital inflow to or reduced capital outflow from the nation as a result of a reduction in interest rates abroad or a change in tastes at home or abroad. This leads to a rightward shift of the BP curve to BP in both panels. With fixed exchange rates, the fact that point E is above the BP curve means that the nation has a surplus in its balance of payments (see the left panel of Figure 19.8). This leads to an inflow of international reserves and an increase in the nation’s money supply, which cause the nation’s LM curve to shift to the right to LM , thus defining new equilibrium point E at higher income Y . Since domestic prices are unchanged at the higher level of national income, this means that the nation’s aggregate demand curve (not shown in the figure) shifts to the right. If, on the other hand, the nation operated under flexible exchange rates, the rightward shift in the BP curve to BP leads to a potential surplus in the nation’s balance of payments (see the right panel of Figure 19.8). This causes the nation’s currency to appreciate so that the nation’s trade balance worsens. These changes are shown by a leftward shift of the BP and IS curves to BP and IS until new equilibrium point E is reached, at which the LM , Download 7.1 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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