Introduction and development of football game in Uzbekistan. Development of football in Uzbekistan Modern football

Wrestling is a type of sport, a one-on-one match between two athletes according to established rules. The art of fighting has been known in many nations since ancient times. Wrestling was especially widespread in Greece, and it took a permanent place from the ancient Olympic competitions. Various manifestations of national struggle exist in Greece, Italy, Japan, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Russia, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and other countries. The basic rules of modern sports wrestling were developed in several European countries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries . In 1912, the International Amateur Wrestling Federation (FILA) was established (now it has 144 countries, Uzbekistan has been a member since 1993). Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, judo, sambo and other types of sports wrestling are widespread in the international arena. In the following years, Uzbek wrestling as a separate type of wrestling began to be recognized worldwide. Wrestling is one of the means of training a person to be strong, dexterous, resilient and strong-willed. It is allowed to engage in wrestling from the age of 12 under the supervision of doctors. Archeological finds and historical manuscripts confirm that wrestling has been an integral part of Uzbek lifestyle since ancient times. Two wrestlers , one of them beating the other, are depicted on a cylindrical pottery vessel of the Bronze Age, found in the territory of ancient Bactria (southern Uzbekistan) . Another archaeological find from this period shows wrestlers demonstrating wrestling techniques. These unique findings indicate that wrestling was a part of the lifestyle of our ancestors even before 1,500 BC . According to the Greek writer Claudius Elian (II-III century ) and other historical figures, the girls of the Saka tribe, who lived in this area, chose their grooms by competing with young men. Later, the girls determined the bridegroom by setting a condition , and in this condition there was a wrestling competition. An example of this is the conditions of Barchin in the Uzbek folk heroic epic "Alpomish". One of them, one of the two wrestlers, grabs his opponent's belt and pulls him to himself, at the same time he takes measures to get rid of his opponent... ". This definition is close to the rules of modern wrestling. Also, "Devonu Lugotit Turk" by Mahmud Koshghari, "Hamsa" by Alisher Navoi, "Holoti Pahlavon Muhammad" ", Zayniddin Vasifi's "Badoye' ul-Waqayye'", Husayn Vaiz Koshifi's "Futuvvatnamai Sultaniy", and Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur's "Baburnoma" contain valuable information about wrestling. In the 9th-16th centuries, wrestling was widely popular among the people. At that time, Pahlavon Mahmud, Sadiq wrestlers of the clans celebrated the era of wrestling. There is also a type of single-handed wrestling of the Uzbek people called belt wrestling. There are many archeological findings and historical manuscripts related to it as well. A statue dating back to 5 thousand years ago. A statuette found in Mesopotamia depicts wrestlers competing in belt wrestling. In the "shu " manuscript, it is written that weddings and elections in the Fargova Valley do not take place without wrestling competitions. Ahmad Polvan, Khoja Polvan and the city of They gained fame in this type of wrestling (end of 19th - beginning of 20th century). During the Tsarist occupation and the period of the Soviets, an attempt was made to artificially suppress the Uzbek national struggle from the people's way of life. By the end of the 90s of the 20th century, these attempts were terminated. In 1991, Kamil Yusupov, a representative of the wrestling dynasty and an international master of sports in several types of wrestling, developed the following rules of Uzbek wrestling adapted to international standards: the wrestlers are from 14 x 14 m to 16 x 16 m, the outer part is marked with a red "dangerous line " . they compete standing on a blue-green wrestling mat. The winner will be determined based on the methods used and their behavior on the field. In wrestling, it is not allowed to use methods that cause pain to the opponent . , 90, 100 kg and more than 100 kg, women compete in weight categories of 48, 52, 57, 63, 70, 78 and more than 78 kg (in the competitions of children, teenagers, teenagers, seniors and girls, the weight also takes into account age characteristics categories are defined). The 2003 Congress of the International Wrestling Association (1KA ) in Tashkent set a competition time of 3 min. determined. "Chala", "Yonbosh", "Halal" marks are assigned to the methods used, and "reprimand", "dakki", "ghirrom" punishments are given to actions that violate the rules. If the fighter receives a "honest " rating (or if the opponent is punished with "ghirrom"), it means his victory. Getting a double sidekick ( or being hit twice by your opponent) also means a win. "Chala" grades are taken into account, etc. In the case of a tie, the wrestler who received the last grade wins, if the number of grades and penalties of the wrestlers are equal, the grade has priority, if the number of penalties is equal, the one who received the last penalty is the loser, if all are equal (or grades and penalties not received), the winner will be announced according to the majority of judges' votes.
Freestyle wrestling - ( English : Freestyle wrestling , French : Lutte libre ) is one of the martial arts sports. It is argued through the actions of two athletes through several sports methods. Unlike Greco-Roman wrestling, in this sport, the athlete can be held by the legs. Freestyle wrestling has been on the program since 1896 , when the modern Olympic Games began . Freestyle wrestling is a type of sport , where two people (athletes ) fight to win according to the established rules. Freestyle wrestling competitions are held on a sports field with a diameter of 9 m (or size 12x12 m). Men compete in 55, 60, 66, 74, 85, 97 and 120 kg, women in 48, 52, 57, 63, 70, 78, 9999 and over 78 kg. Competition time is 3 rounds of 2 minutes, the break between rounds is 30 seconds. In freestyle wrestling, it is allowed to pull, twist and turn, and perform leg hold techniques. Performed methods are evaluated with 5 ( net victory), 4 (technical advantage or elimination), 3, 1 point. The winner will be determined by the number of points. If one of the wrestlers performs a method suitable for 5 points, is recognized as the winner in the 1st and 2nd rounds, surpasses his opponent by 6 points, and also according to the decision of the referees, coaches and doctors, the training will be stopped before the deadline.
Free wrestling in Uzbekistan
Freestyle wrestling became popular in Uzbekistan in the 50s of the 20th century. The championships of Uzbekistan have been held among men since 1956, and among women since 2003. Since the 90s of the 20th century, the organization of such prestigious competitions as the "Independence Cup" Grand Prix, the World Youth Championship , created the foundation for the development of freestyle wrestling in Uzbekistan . Under the leadership of such coaches as Kursat Ablayev, Georgy Vanyukhin, Alexander Gorelik, Koldosh Asragulov, Obid Nazirov , Rahmonberdi Ahmedov, Salim Abduvaliyev , Ma'mur Roziyev, Leonid Shipilev, Arsen Fadzayev , Makharbek Khadarsev, Ruslan Khinchagov, Ramil Ataulin, Adham Ochilov, Dilshod Mansurov , Magomed Ibragimov . Freestyle wrestlers like Artur Taymazov have won Olympic and Asian Games, world and Asian championships and other prestigious competitions. Uzbek referees such as Konstantin Mikhaylov, Ravil Biktyakov, Tahir Gulomov manage international freestyle wrestling competitions. 8780 people are engaged in freestyle wrestling under 286 coaches in 715 sports schools and clubs in the republic. 4,807 of them have sports degrees and titles. Uzbekistan received a total of 20 medals in the 5 Summer Olympic Games in which it participated, 7 of which ( 4 gold and three silver) were won by wrestlers. ^[1]