Introduction. Mythology and literature of antiquity

Folksong. (Awiting Bayan). Short poem intended to be sung. The common theme is love, despair, grief, doubt, joy, hope and sorrow.

Sonnet. A lyric poem of 14 lines dealing with an emotion, feeling, or an idea.

1. 
   Petrarchan or Italian
   

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  with two parts: octave (first 8 lines)
  

sestet (the last 6 lines)

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  with rhyme scheme abba, abba, cde, cde, or
  

abba, abba, cd, cd, cd

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  usually the problem is presented in the octave
  

the solution is given in the sestet

2. 
   Shakespearean or English
   

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  has three quatrains and a couplet
  
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  with rhyme scheme abab, cdcd, efef, gg
  
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  the couplet provides a summary of the sonnet or a response to the three quatrains
  

3. 
   Elegy. A lyric poem which expresses feelings of grief and melancholy, and whose theme is death.
   
4. 
   Ode. A poem of noble feeling expressed with dignity, with no definite number of syllables or definite of lines in a stanza.
   
5. 
   Psalm. A song of praise to God using the philosophy of life.
   
6. 
   Awit (Song). It measures twelve syllables (dodecasyllabic) and slowly sung to the accompaniment of a guitar or bandurria.
   
7. 
   Corridos. It measures eight syllables (octosyllabic) and recited to a martial beat.
   

3. 
   Dramatic Poetry
   

1. 
   Comedy. It comes from the Greek word komos meaning festivity or revelry. This is light and written with the purpose of amusing people, and usually has a happy end.
   
2. 
   Melodrama. This is usually used in musical plays with the opera. It arouses immediate and intense emotion and is usually sad but there is a happy ending for the principal character.
   
3. 
   Tragedy. The hero struggles mightily against dynamic forces; he meets death or ruin without success and satisfaction obtained by the protagonist in comedy.
   
4. 
   Farce. An exaggerated comedy. It seeks to arouse mirth by laughable lines; situations are too ridiculous to be true; the characters seem to be caricatures and the motives undignified and absurd.
   
5. 
   Social Poems. It could be comic or tragic. It pictures the life today. It may aim to bring about changes in current social conditions.
   

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