Islambek, [19/04/2023 15: 36]
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- PG_156 ELECTRICITY
Islambek, [19/04/2023 15:36] PG_150 UNDERSTANDING ELECTRICITY You live in a world that depends on electricity. Look around.You may have many things in your home that run on electricity. A television, a stereo, and a radio use electricity. The lights in your house, the clock on the wall, and the toaster in the kitchen all need electricity. You may have toys and games that run on electricity. Your home may be heated by electricity. Your food may be cooked in an electric oven. The boy in the picture is looking at the many electrical devices on display. Can you imagine your life without electricity? In this chapter you will learn what electricity is. You will learn how it is produced, used, and measured. You will also learn about some of the dangers of electricity and how it can be used safely. PG_156 ELECTRICITY What is electricity? You depend a great deal on electricity. But what is electricity? You cannot see it. You can only see what it does. For a long time scientists have been interested in what electricity is and does. What is known about electricity?Scientists know that everything is either matter or energy. Matter has mass and takes up space. Since electricity does not have mass or take up space, it must be energy. Train running on electricity.You know that electricity can do work. What kind of work is being done in the picture? To understand electrical energy, you must understand matter. Remember that all matter is made of atoms. Knowing the structure of the atom will help solve the mystery of electricity. You have learned that the atom has a central part called a nucleus. There are particles in the nucleus. Some of these particles have a positive charge PG_157 They are called protons. Moving around the nucleus are other particles, called electrons. The electrons in an atom have a negative charge. If the number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom are the same, their charges balance one another. When this happens, the atom has no charge. An atom with no charge is neutral . Under normal conditions the atoms in most matter are neutral. As the drawing shows, the number of electrons and protons is balanced. Look at the drawing of the children playing tugof-war. You can see that the teams are not balanced. One team has six children and the other has four. To balance the teams, some children will have to move. They can move in only one direction. Some children will have to move from the side with the larger number to the side with the smaller number. How many children will have to move to balance the teams? PG_158 In some ways electricity is like this game of tugof-war. Suppose the number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom are not the same. This happens when an atom gains or loses electrons. If an atom has more electrons than protons, the atom has a negative charge. An atom with more protons than electrons has a positive charge. Look at the drawings of the atoms. As you can see, atoms can gain or lose electrons. Atom A is losing an electron. Atom В is gaining an electron. This movement of electrons produces electricity. Which atom has a positive charge? _Finding_Out_ Does clear tape have an electric charge? You will need a roll of clear tape. Remove two strips of tape from the roll. Each strip should be about 8 cm long. Make sure that you touch only one end of the tape. Slowly move the two sticky sides of the tape toward each other. Then slowly move the two smooth sides toward each other. Watch what happens. Do the pieces of tape have an electric charge? Flow can you tell? Which atom has a negative charge? Download 0.59 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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