Issn 2409-1154 Науковий вісник Міжнародного гуманітарного університету. Сер.: Філологія. 2019 №40 том 3
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вони пролетіли мільйони миль [3, p. 174], this is a vivid exam-
ple of differentiation of meaning, since the word come has a very broad meaning in English, it should be translated with the help of transformation, differentiation is the best way to preserve the translation adequacy. J.I. Retsker proposes in his classification of lexical transfor- mations to use concretization when you need to give much specific meaning, in most cases, when the other analogy cannot be found. Though, due to differences that are appropriate for both languag- es, the Ukrainian language is characterized by concreteness, than those equivalents that are corresponding in the English lan- guage. For example: “Sit easily,” said William under his breath. “Look as if you’ve worn this clothing style all your life” [9]. – «Сиди невимушено, – упівголоса сказав Вільям. – Поводься так, начебто ти все життя ходила у цьому платті» [3, p. 185]. Translator rendered clothing style with the help of con- cretization method as плаття. There was nothing said about dress in the original. In the following example the translator, Marta Tomahiv, used the word «котигорошко», to emphasize the age, that the guy felt small: “I held my breath and I felt small, only twelve years old, very infinitesimal and afraid” [9] – «Я затамував подих і відчув себе маленьким, всього лише дванадцятирічним котигорошком, мізерним і наляканим» [3, p. 65]. According to the Ukrainian explanatory dictionary Котигорошко is «один із провідних героїв 89 ISSN 2409-1154 Науковий вісник Міжнародного гуманітарного університету. Сер.: Філологія. 2019 № 40 том 3 казкового фольклору, якого дослідники називали «українським Геркулесом»; яскравий приклад захисника-богатиря від легендарного чудовиська-змія». In the translation this word is not very suitable in this case, as it refers more to the power, fear- less, and not to the lexeme afraid, as it is in the original. Never- theless, the translator was trying to make it sound more natural for Ukrainian reader. In the next example a translator concretized, that two things that had happened were unpleasant, but in the original it wasn’t men- tioned: “Long years ago two things had happened” [9] – «Колись давно з нею трапилися дві неприємні речі» [3, p. 293]. A trans- lator used addition as the following sentences describe two unpleas- ant events, and translator wanted to catch reader’s attention before these two events would be described. There were examples when translator used substitution of the dictionary correspondence by contextual which is logical- ly related, sense development. For example: “Here is the chance my husband and I have talked and prayed over for so many years. We want to run away from his work at the bomb factory. I from my position with disease-culture units” [9] – «Ось шанс, про який ми з чоловіком мріяли і за яким молилися стільки років. Ми би хотіли втекти світ за очі звідси, щоб тільки йому більше не треба було іти на завод з виготовлення бомб, а мені – в лабораторію вирощувати смертоносні бактерії» [3, p. 184]. In the first sentence the translator, M. Shchavurs’ka, may translate the phrase word-for-word, but she wanted to emphasize that the chance was very important for them, that is why she used the verb мріяли. In the next sentence the phrasal verb run away was translated with the help of phraseologism втекти світ за очі, in this way translator made it sound more natural for the Ukrainian reader. In the last sentence in translation was used sense development, and concretization, disease-culture units was rendered as смертоносні бактерії, such a translation gives the reader a better idea of what is meant. Antonymic translation is used not frequently by the trans- lators. They tried to give the most proper translation, utilizing antonymic expressions or total opposition in notion. An exam- ple: “Part of me is here!” declared Aunt Tildy [9] – «Вони не всю мене вкрали!” – заявила тітка Тідлі» [3, p. 106]. This example demonstrates the replacement of affirmative sentence by negative sentence. Translator may render it like Download 82.97 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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