Lecture types of transformations of written translation plan

LECTURE 3. TYPES OF TRANSFORMATIONS OF WRITTEN TRANSLATION
Plan:

1. 
   Lexical transformations in translation.
   
2. 
   Additions and omissions – important translation tools.
   
3. 
   Six tools of substitutions and their role in literary translation.
   
4. 
   Grammatical transformation
   
5. 
   Lexico-grammatical transformations.
   

Key words: lexical transformation addition, omission, substitution, concretization, generalization, antonymous translation, compensation, extension of a thought, and perception as a whole, grammatical transformation
Questions to the topic:

1. 
   What does it mean ‘to do lexical transformations in translation?
   
2. 
   Why is a translator allowed to do additions and omissions in his work?
   
3. 
   What are the six tools of substitution?
   

Task 1. Translate into Uzbek or Russian, paying attention to the lexical transformation. (substitution, addition)

1. 
   Nicolas’ cousin scraped her knee rather, painfully
   
2. 
   At the corner of the block in which he lived Rudolf stopped for a glass of beer and a cigar
   
3. 
   The two rooms have an opening into the garden
   
4. 
   To his great surprise he discovered that his wife’s trinkets he thought valueless proved to be worth of a fortune
   
5. 
   The lumber-room had one high window opening on to the forbidden garden
   
6. 
   In 1904 Winamac had but five thousand students
   

Task 2. Translate the following words with the help of transcription.
Smith, Brown, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Cleveland , Rhode Island , Ontario ; Downing Street, Foley Square
Task 3. Translate the titles of periodicals and the names of firms and corporations,
Life, US News and World Report , General Motors Corporation , Harriman and Brothers Anaconda Mining Company .
Task 4. Translate the text, paying special attention to the names and geographical locations.
Research Triangle Institute is a non-for-profit contract research corporation located on a 180-acre campus in North Carolina’s Triangle park. RTI is a free-standing corporate entity created in 1958 by joint action of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Duke University and North Carolina State University. RTI’s organization facilitates the formation of multidisciplinary teams to address complex research issues in many scientific, technical and social subjects.

Task 5. Translate and analyze. And say whether they are concretization or generalization in translation
1. She has cut her finger.
2. He ordered a drink 
3. While playing the football, he has broken his leg.
4. He was holding a book in his hand
5. She held the baby in her arms
6. He is in Hollywood.
7. My sister is in Cambridge now.
8. Then this girl gets killed, because she’s always speeding.
9. You could hear him putting away his toilet articles.
10. Many European speak Mandarin

Task 6. Translate the sentences using generalization, specification and modulation techniques

1. 
   He is in Hollywood
   
2. 
   She is at school
   
3. 
   The election was on Sunday
   
4. 
   Jack is in the Army right now
   
5. 
   Navoiyni oldim qo‘limga
   

Task 7. Translate below given sentences using antonymous translation technique

1. 
   Never drink unboiled water.
   
2. 
   Cheer up, everything happens in life. The main thing for you now is not to lose your head and pull yourself together.
   
3. 
   How’d you like to take up art? (R. Goldberg)
   
4. 
   How’d you like to come out for a walk with me.
   
5. 
   The letter proved to be of little consequence.
   
6. 
   Don’t keep on asking silly questions.
   
7. 
   Nothing but truth is important.