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58
– 9 of 1881 –2 as turning point in modern Jewish history, xiii
, 255
of 1905 and precedents, 85 pogrom “rules,” 66 – 7 , 85 rape and reports of rape, 11 – 13 , 12 , 41 , 46 – 7 , 83 – 4 , 236 – 7 , 399 , 401 , 405
, 406
– 7 , 408 , 408 , 409
, 451
, 454
referred to as “disorders” (bezporiadki), 114 regime
’s conceptualization of pogroms and causes, 113 –
return of stolen goods, 29 signi ficance of religious factors, 18 , 67 – 70 socioeconomic explanations, 62 – 6 statistics, 28 –
, 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 84 , 103 , 107 , 108
– 9 , 235 , 416 , 424
, 426
, 435
, 447
, 456
use of peasant volunteers to quell pogroms,
32 488
Index www.cambridge.org © in this web service Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89548-4 - Russians, Jews, and the Pogroms of 1881-1882 John Doyle Klier Index More information use of term, 58 , 114 Warsaw, 13/25 –15/27 December 1881, 43 – 4 , 103 pogrom-style violence against groups other than Jews, 24 ,
, 75 pogromshchiki, 29 , 40 , 52 , 94 , 102 – 3 , 104 , 105 , 106
, 106
, 108
– 9 , 424 , 426 , 430
, 433
, 434
, 437
, 438
, 440
, 447
, 448
, 450
, 451
, 452
, 453
, 454
, 455
, 456
, 457
, 458
. see also legal proceedings against pogromshchiki social composition and pro file, 48
54 , 65 Poklitarovka, 101
Poland, Kingdom of, distinctive features of pogroms in, 44 Poliakov, Samuil Solomonovich, 180 , 247 , 271
, 282
, 309
, 337
, 351
, 354
, 441
, 442
police, 1 , 2 , 19 , 20 envisaged functioning of the security apparatus, 91 – 4 structure and resources, 18 –
, 45 “polite society” observing the pogroms as bystanders, 51 – 2 , 66 , 82 , 87 Polovtsev, Senator Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 110
, 422
, 423
Poltava, 418
, 419
, 426
, 428
, 434
Poriadok (liberal daily, St. Petersburg), 56 , 133 , 134 , 135
, 144
, 148
postponement of fairs and feast-day festivities, 29 ,
Potocki, Count Alfred, 376
Pravitel ’stvennyi vestnik (organ of MVD, St. Petersburg), 45 , 57 , 98 , 100
, 114
, 120
, 131
, 131
, 182
, 218
, 235
, 409
Preny (Suwalki, Kingdom of Poland), investigation of pogrom, 112 press,
coverage of pogroms, 98 , 132 – 50 discussion of pogrom causes, 132
– 43 discussion of solutions to the problems highlighted by pogroms, 143
– 9 exceptional emphasis on need to “improve” not Jews but non-Jews, 149 –
focus on “Jewish exploitation” as root cause of pogroms, 136
– 41 see also conservative press , international press , Jewish press , Judeophobe press , liberal press , Orthodox press press censorship (and its limitations), 19 , 25 , 47 , 99 , 128 – 32 , 150
, 184
, 218
, 229
, 272
, 276
, 297
, 335
Presse, Die (liberal daily, Vienna), 235
Price, George, 382
Priluker, Iakov Moiseevich, 288
, 290
– 2 . see Ben-SionE. Pskov,
453 punishment of pogromshchiki, 103 –
Putilovsk district (Kursk), 430
Rabinovich, G. (Dinaburg), 355
Rabinovich, G. M., 309
Rabinovich, Iosif, 288
, 292
Rabinovich, Mark Iakovlevich. see Ben Ami
Rabinovich, Osip, 188
Rabotnik (Bakuninist journal, Geneva), 158
radical religious reform movements, 287
– 94 Radomysl ’ (Kiev), 258
Ragozin, Zenaide Alexeievna, 236
railway workers as pogromshchiki, 31 , 37 – 8 , 419
, 422
, 423
, 428
, 449
, 458
rape and reports of rape, 11 – 13 , 12 , 41 , 46 – 7 , 83 – 4 , 236 – 7 , 399 , 401 , 405
, 406
– 7 , 408 , 408 , 409
, 451
, 454
Rassvet (Jewish weekly, St. Petersburg), 130
, 186
, 187
, 247
, 258
, 269
, 272
, 273
, 279
, 282
– 3 , 282 , 292 , 297
, 297
, 298
– 306
, 307
– 8 , 322 , 331 , 337
, 338
, 338
, 346
, 358
, 363
, 389
Ratner, I. I., 356
Reclus, Élisée, 279
refugees, 248
, 255
, 267
, 365
– 83 Brody, 267 , 269 , 275
, 283
– 4 , 313 , 337 , 343
Reitern, Mikhail Khristoforovich (president, Committee of Ministers), on May Laws, 219
relative deprivation theory, 62 religious background to pogroms, 67 – 70 return migration from United States, 382
revolutionary implication in pogroms, 412
, 415
discussion in Russian press, 134
– 5 of ficial assessment, 120
– 1 , 269 , 418 , 419
Rezhits (Vitebsk), 433
Riabov, P. I., 152
– 3 Ribins ’kii, V. P., 398
Rishon l ’Zion,
286 – 7 ritual murder accusation. see Blood Libel Rogger, Hans, viii
, xv , 49 , 53 , 62 – 4 , 65 , 75 , 80 , 364 , 393
Rohling, August, 187
, 195
, 195
Romanenko, Gerasim Grigorevich (Narodnaia volia), 167 ,
– 9 Romny (Poltava), 38 , 118 , 387
, 425
, 427
Rostov-on-Don, 24 , 416 , 428 pogrom-style violence against police (1879),
24 , 75 Rothschilds Alphonse de Rothschild, 251 ,
Edmund de Rothschild, 287
, 380
Index 489
www.cambridge.org © in this web service Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89548-4 - Russians, Jews, and the Pogroms of 1881-1882 John Doyle Klier Index
More information Rothschilds (cont.) Nathaniel de Rothschild (MP for Aylesbury), 243
, 244
– 5 , 251 Rothschild Bank, 250 –
Rotmin, Zelman, 275
Rovno (Volynia), 115
, 118
, 426
, 430
Rozenfeld, Iakov Lvovich, 282
– 3 , 285 , 297 , 298
, 305
– 6 , 307 , 308 , 338
. See also Rassvet
Rülf, Rabbi Dr. Yitzhak, 236
, 296
, 341
, 365
, 399
, 402
rumors, 120
, 418
, 420
, 421
, 422
, 428
, 429
, 430
, 432
, 436
, 437
, 442
, 445
, 447
, 450
Jews accused of rumor-mongering, 116
, 118
of imminent pogroms, 24 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 45 , 417
, 418
, 424
, 426
, 435
of imminent violence against groups other than Jews, 34 ,
, 65 , 66 , 150 of Jews planning to harm or kill Christians, 83 ,
of ukase authorizing pogroms, 31 , 50 , 81 , 422
, 446
originating in anti-pogrom proclamations, 98 signi
ficance for ethnic riots, 81 , 116 Rus
’ (Judeophobe weekly, Moscow), 135
, 146
– 7 , 153 , 187 , 194
, 195
, 352
Russian Emigrant Relief Committee (RERC),
372 , 373 Russkii kur ’er (Judeophobe periodical, Moscow), 135
– 6 , 148 , 149 , 196
, 294
Russkii evrei ( Jewish weekly, St. Petersburg), 130
, 187
, 292
, 296
, 297
, 301
, 309
– 11 , 318 – 19 , 323
, 389
Russo-Jewish Committee (RJC), 244
– 5 , 248 , 374 , 403
– 4 , 405 – 7 Rysakov, Nikolai, 438
Salanter, Israel, 263
Sanktpeterburgskie vedomosti (liberal newspaper, St. Petersburg), 44 ,
– 3 Scha fier, H. (AIU), 370
, 374
, 377
Schloss, Leopold, 384
– 5 second conference of Jewish communal representatives (8 –20 April 1882, St. Petersburg), 195
, 297
, 303
, 307
, 344
, 347
, 351
– 8 agenda, 352 resolution, 356 Segal, N. B., 355 selective integration (Benjamin Nathans), 4 self-defense. see Jewish self-defense selihot services, 257 –
, 313
and the police, 262
– 3 Kiev (1 February 1882), 259 – 60 , 261
role of student activists, 260
, 261
– 2 St. Petersburg (18 January 1882), 259 , 260 Senate required to clarify May Laws, 224
, 228
, 231
Senechal de la Roche, Roberta, 79 , 79 Sevastopol (Tauride), 452 Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of, 374
Shakhovskoi, S. V. (governor of Chernigov), 110
, 124
– 5 , 262 , 387 , 423
, 441
, 444
, 447
, 448
, , 454
, 459
Shchukin, N. I., 152
– 3 Shershevskii, I. I., 195 Shliaposhnikov, M. G., 299 –
Shmerling, Sh. L. (Mogilev), 356
Shmilevizna (Kingdom of Poland), 449
Shostak, A. L. (governor of Chernigov), 43 , 110 – 11 , 124
, 422
, 423
, 439
shtadlanut, 325
– 6 Shvabakher, Shimon Leon (state rabbi, Odessa), 263
, 334
, 334
, 346
, 401
, 408
Simon, John (MP for Dewsbury), 239
, 241
Simon, Oswald John, 374
Sladkovodnyi (Ekaterinoslav), 115
sliianie/sblizhenie, 176
, 327
Slonim (Grodno), 54 Smela (Kiev), 34 , 38 , 39 , 51 , 108 , 116
, 121
, 417
, 418
, 425
, 426
, 429
, 430
, 431
, 432
, 434
, 435
pogroms in 1881 –2 and 1905, 85 Smirnov, Valerian Nikolaevich, 160 Smolensk province, 97 Smolenskin, Peretz, 255 , 259 , 269
, 297
, 387
see also Ha-Shahar socialist attitudes and responses, 155
– 77 , 394 – 5 , 396
Akselrod, Pavel, 174
– 7 Bakunin, Mikhail, 158 Chernoperedeltsy, 171 –
émigré Socialists, 173
– 7 Narodnovoltsy, 76 , 166 – 71 Southern Russian Workers Union (IuRRS), 157
, 163
, 165
– 6 Tkachev, Petr, and the “Russian Jacobins, ” 164
Vpered! circle (Lavrovites), 159
– 63 socialist implication in pogroms, 430 discussion in Russian press, 134 –
of ficial assessment, 120 –
, 269
, 418
, 419
, 432
, 434
Society for the Spread of Enlightenment Among the Jews of Russia (OPE), 263 ,
accused of being a branch of Alliance Israélite Universelle and party to its 490 Index
www.cambridge.org © in this web service Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89548-4 - Russians, Jews, and the Pogroms of 1881-1882 John Doyle Klier Index
More information alleged Jewish conspiracy, 147
, 210
– 11 Society for the Spread of Productive Work among the Jews (ORT ), 202
, 225
, 232
, 271
, 309
, 310
, 311
, 367
socioeconomic explanations for pogroms, 62 – 6 Sokolow, Nahum, 341 –
Solskii, D. M. (state comptroller), 386
on May Laws, 218
– 19 Southern Russian Workers Union (IuRRS), 34 , 135 , 157
, 163
, 165
– 6 Soviet historiography of pogroms, 398 Spektor, Rabbi Yitzhak Elhanan (Kovno), 263 ,
, 342
role exaggerated, 129
see also Kovno circle Spiritual Biblical Brotherhood, 149
, 288
– 90 , 308 St James Gazette (London), 239 Stanley, G. E. (British consul-general, Odessa), 240
, 240
, 405
, 408
, Starodub (Chernigov), 223 ,
Stasiulevich, M. M., 133
State Council, 214
state response to pogroms, anti-pogrom proclamations, 95 –
attempts to in fluence pogrom coverage in international press, 234
– 6 conceptualization of pogroms and causes by the regime, 113
– 26 dealings with press, 98 , 99 envisaged functioning of security apparatus, 91 –
government responsibility for pogroms, 86 – 8 inactivity or inability of authorities, 82 myth of instigation and support by of ficials,
86 of ficials held to account for failure to contain pogroms, 110
– 13 predicated on notion of “Jewish exploitation ” as root cause of pogroms,
121 – 7 regime ’s insistence on comprehensive information, 95 repression, 100 – 3 Stefanovych, Iakiv, 157
Sterling, Eleonore, 62 Strana (liberal newspaper, St. Petersburg), 149 dismissal of “Jewish exploitation” as a relevant issue, 141 Strelnikov, Major-General V. S. (prosecutor, Kiev Military District Court),
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