Journal of Cereal Research Volume 14 (Spl 1): 17-41

face=”italic”> et al.,al., 2021).
6.4.4. Jasmonic acid and kinetin
Foliar application of jasmonic acid ( JA) or kinetin (K) 
effectively imparted drought tolerance to susceptible 
cultivars, enabling them to endure brutal environments 
before their development and function similarly to 
tolerant cultivars. Application of phytohormones 
caused an unambiguous switch from downregulation 
to overexpression. This affected all drought resistance 
characteristics via a reconfiguration of photo-assimilates 
to vegetative parts, boosting development, improving 
the aggregation of certain osmoregulatory chemicals, 
strengthening tissue vigor, and regulating antioxidant 
enzymatic activity. It also included structural modification 
achieved by restoring the shoot/root ratio (Abeed et al., 
2021).
Conclusion
This paper focuses evidence-based knowledge on the 
deleterious impacts of water inadequacy on wheat 
productivity during the last few decades. Drought directly 
affects the physiology of wheat, resulting in lower grain 
output. This research also emphasizes the significance 
of the selection environment in the development of 
productive, resilient wheat varieties for drought-prone 
areas. Besides this, the indirect choice of physiological 
features contributing to harvest index has enormous 
potential for optimizing the efficacy for optimizing the 
efficacy of drought resilience breeding is also discussed. 
Moreover, a multidisciplinary physio-morphological 
approach, as indicated in this study, is a highly promising 
way ahead for enabling the breeding of wheat for drought 
conditions. To attain this aim, a concerted effort is required 
to develop optimize platforms for phenotypic selection, 
as outlined in the preceding sections, in conjunction with 
biological, marker-assisted, and genomic selection.
Compliance with ethical standards 
NA
Conflict of interest
Authors declares there is no conflict of interest
Author contributions
AA: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing & updating 
the manuscript for publication, MA and NA: Writing, 
MI: Conceptualization, Writing, TSB: Conceptualization, 
Writing, ME: Conceptualization, AG: Conceptualization, 
Supervision, and Validation. All the listed authors read 
and approved the manuscript.
References
1. 
Abeed AHA, MA Eissa, DA Abdel-Wahab. 2021. 
Effect of Exogenously Applied Jasmonic Acid and 
Kinetin on Drought Tolerance of Wheat Cultivars 
Based on Morpho-Physiological Evaluation. Journal 
of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 21(1):131-144. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00348-1
2. 
Agarwal P, VK Baranwal, P Khurana. 2019. 
Genome-wide analysis of bZIP transcription factors 
in wheat and functional characterization of a TabZIP 
under abiotic stress. Scientific reports 9(1):1-18. 
3. 
Agarwal P, M Reddy, J Chikara. 2011. WRKY: its 
structure, evolutionary relationship, DNA-binding 

---

Abiotic stress tolerance in wheat
33
selectivity, role in stress tolerance and development 
of plants. Molecular biology reports 38(6):3883-3896. 
4. 
Ali M, H Hasan, H Bux, A Gul, HMU Memon, 
A Khan, F Munir, HB Tawseen, M Shakoor, M 
Majid, M Ahmed, SU Khan, SH Hussain. 2020. 
Chapter 11 - Role of transcription factors in drought 
mediating pathways in wheat. In: Climate Change and 
Food Security with Emphasis on Wheat (Ozturk M and 
Gul A, eds.), Academic Press, pp 177-192
5. 
Aliche EB, M Oortwijn, TP Theeuwen, CW 
Bachem, RG Visser, CG van der Linden. 2018. 
Drought response in field grown potatoes and the 
interactions between canopy growth and yield.