Jrcb4 The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Learning final

based on unrealistic expectations and limited knowledge of the complexities of 
the underpinning technologies, it is reasonable to expect that the recent 
advances in AI and machine learning will have profound impacts on future 
labour markets, competence requirements, as well as in learning and teaching 
practices. As educational systems tend to adapt to the requirements of the industrial 
age, AI could make some functions of education obsolete and emphasize others. It may 
also enable new ways of teaching and learning. 
2
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and 
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the Digital Education Action Plan (COM(2018) 237 
final). 
3
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and 
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Commission Work Programme 2018 - An agenda for a 
more united, stronger and more democratic Europe (COM(2017) 650 final). 

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3 
In the European framework programmes for research and technological development, AI 
technologies have been studied and applied in educational contexts in many projects 
focusing on technology-enabled learning. These projects have used technologies that 
have deep ties with AI research, including natural language processing, pattern 
recognition, intelligent tutoring, probabilistic AI planning, intelligent agents, AI game 
engines, and adaptive user models in personalized learning environments (PLE). The 
impact of these technologies in practical educational settings has been 
relatively modest until recently. Technical developments over the recent years, 
however, suggest that the situation may be changing rapidly.
The main intent of the present report is to help educators and policymakers to make 
sense of these potentially very important technical developments. To understand the 
impact of AI, we need to understand what AI is and what it can do. In the current “AI 
avalanche” this is not always easy. Deep expertise in AI technology is scarce, and many 
educators and policymakers now struggle to get up to date with basic knowledge in this 
area. In the midst of self-driving cars, speaking robots, and the flood of “AI miracles”, it