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Rule 4: Modal verbs are followed directly by the bare infinitive (an infinitive without “to”)


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Rule 4: Modal verbs are followed directly by the bare infinitive (an infinitive without “to”)
For example:

  • I could hear the dog barking (NOT I “could to hear” the dog barking), or

  • You should tell the truth (NOT You “should to tell” the truth)

Hear and tell are the infinitives in these sentences.
Rule 5: Modal verbs form questions by inversion
Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs and form questions by inversion. This means you do not need to add an additional modal verb when forming negatives or questions.
For example, to change the sentence “I must go” into a question, you can just move the modal must to the beginning of the sentence:

  • Must I go? (NOT “Should I must go?”)

Similarly, to change “He should smoke” into a negative, we simply add “not”:

  • He should not smoke (NOT “He must not should smoke”)


How Do I Use Modal Verbs in a Sentence?
Modal verbs allow speakers to express a wide range of conditions like certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, ability, permission, prohibition, advice, or probability.
Let’s take a look at some examples and see each of the modal verbs in action.
When and How Do I Use Can, Could, and Be Able To in a Sentence?
Can, could, and be able to are used to express a variety of ideas.
These include:

  • the ability to do something (or lack thereof)

  • the possibility or impossibility of doing something

  • asking or giving permission

  • making a suggestion

Let’s look at a few examples of each.
Ability
Modal verbs explain whether or not someone can do something. For instance:

  • Naila can recite poetry by heart.

In this sentence, the modal verb phrase can recite tells us that Naila has the ability to memorize and recite poems. (Go, Naila!)
The specific modal verb phrase you use will depend on which specific modal verb you’re using and what tense you’re writing in. For example:

  • can help you move today.

  • will be able to help you move today.

In the first sentence, the word can is accompanied by the verb help because the word can doesn’t require the assistance of to.
In the second sentence, the phrase be able to is necessary to help the sentence make sense.
Note: you can also use those phrases interchangeably. It’s often simpler and more effective to say can rather than to be able to.
Here are some more examples of modal verbs used in this way:

  • can help you with your homework tonight.

  • We can’t come to dinner.

  • The computer can solve complex problems easily.

  • A representative will be able to speak with you in about ten minutes.

  • Grandma won’t be able to join us this weekend.

  • When they were young they could move mountains.

  • The local branch was able to increase sales by 12%.

  • haven’t been able to reach them by phone yet.


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