Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume I: Clause Structure, Second edition
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Lgg Typology, Synt Description v. I - Clause structure
participatory roles 140–1 participial construction 146, 215 particles 143, 199 modal 290 partitive parts of speech 1–3, 59 closed classes 3, 22, 59 closed classes, universal status of 3 open classes 3–22 passive 178, 187, 190, 202, 204, 211, 274, 276, 325, 361, 362, 369, 376, 390, 395, 401, 408, 418–29, 441, 442, 446 agent phrases 327, 328, 330, 342–5, 385 as a VP derivational process 340 backgrounding 423–7 basic 328 derived subject 327 ditransitive verb phrases 348, 350 dynamic 341 foregrounding 422–3, 432 impersonal 346–8, 426 non-patient subjects 350–2 patient 349 periphrastic passives 333, 336 productivity 360 recipient 349 semantics of basic passives 339–42 stative 341 strict morphological passives 333–6 verb phrases 332 passivization 178, 184, 186, 187, 188 patient 136, 137–40, 165, 181, 188, 206, 262 performative utterances 276, 285 person hierarchy 303, 413 perspective 148, 365–70 actor 369 alternations (undergoer) 374 undergoer 369 Philippine type languages 193, 198, 202–11 actor argument 203–10 actor pivot 203 benefactive pivot 203 directional argument 203 directional pivot 203, 205 focus 203 linker 204 object argument 203, 209, 210 object pivot 203, 204, 205, 209 pivot 203, 204, 205 topic 203 pivotless languages 420, 422, 428, 433 pivots 198, 201, 210, 389, 406–9, 416–18, 419–33, 438, 441, 446 structures 395 plural words 98–9 pluralizers 37 polarity 3, 41 politeness markers 59, 280, 304 possession 62, 65 alienable 86 inalienable 86 predicate 244, 246, 247, 249 possessive constructions 56 possessive modifiers 248 possessors 344 pragmatic effects 156, 157 pragmatic functions 212, 214 pragmatic roles Subject index 475 pragmatically neutral word order 76 precedence relations 384, 385 predicates 135–6 adjectival 227–9, 237, 238, 239, 242 associative 249 benefactive 248 comitative complex 135 genitive 247 locative 238, 245, 249 nominal 10, 54, 55, 229–32, 237, 238, 239, 242, 249 nonreferential 233 nonverbal 249, 266 origin 248 purpose 248 referential 233 simulative 248 predicators 54–5 presentational articulation 156 subjects 151 presentative, nonfinite 319 presupposition 150, 156, 403–13 presupposed-focus 148, 150, 157, 404 Primary Transitive Verbs 138–9, 147, 181 prohibitives (vetatives) ( see imperatives, negative) prominence of arguments 416–18, 419 pronominalization 187 pronouns 24–30, 80 agreement 269 demonstrative 29 first person 413 impersonal 329, 428, 437 indefinite 29–30 interrogative 280 personal 24–6, 54 possessive 87 reciprocal 28–9 reflexive 26, 177, 179, 206 relative 30, 50 second person 413 third person 413 pro-adjectives 33 pro-adverbs 33 pro-clauses 32–3 pro-forms 24, 34 interrogative 33 pro-sentences 31–2 existential 32 pro-verbs 33 prototype approaches 3 proximate 147, 356 PTV s ( see Primary Transitive Verbs) purpose, expressions of 126 purposive clauses, nonfinite 397 quantifiers 37 floated 205 launching 204, 205 non-numerical 38 questions ( see interrogatives) quotative constructions 318 R (grammatical function) 254–9 reason 141 recipients 140, 158, 160, 184, 185–8, 189, 209, 217, 437 reduplication 308, 333 referential 410 reflexive construction 334 reflexivization 177–9, 206–7, 419 relational grammar relative clauses 50, 96, 176–7, 204, 326 externally headed 98 internally headed 104, 108 Download 1.59 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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